Could Less Development Be The Solution To Economic And Environmental Issues?

Birding has recently overtaken golf as the fastest growing recreational activity in the United States. According to a survey conducted by the US Fish and Wildlife Service in 2006, 21% of the population age 16 and older were considered birders. Canadian stats are hard to find, but it is believed that these numbers are proportionately similar north of the border. The demographic with the highest number of birders are those age 55 and older, college educated, with an annual income of $75,000 or greater. So if nearly one quarter of the population birds and earns a comfortable income, why are governments not looking to cash in on this economic opportunity?

14738812678 a6c686e392 b - Could Less Development Be The Solution To Economic And Environmental Issues? — Barn Swallows have seen a population decline of 65% in recent years. As a result, they are now listed as threatened on the Species at Risk list. Habitat loss resulting in insufficient nesting sites, is one of the factors leading to this decline.

It is no secret that many wildlife species have seen a decline in their numbers over recent years. In fact, more species are added to the Species at Risk list each year than are removed. Many factors are to blame, but the one that stands out is habitat loss. As cities grow, more and more land is converted from fields and forests to asphalt and buildings. Protecting species is not good enough, we have to be more diligent about protecting habitat.

15079249571 50d986093b o - Could Less Development Be The Solution To Economic And Environmental Issues? — Common Nighthawks are one of several bird species that nest on the ground. As forests and meadows are cleared to make way for development, suitable nesting locations are destroyed. Unfortunately, Common Nighthawks are listed as a special concern on the Species at Risk list as the result of over development.

All levels of government constantly use development to create jobs and stimulate the economy. Land is sold to developers, then cleared, serviced, and buildings go up in the hopes of attracting a tenant. Wildlife is forced to move on and literally search for greener pastures. Sure, the economy gets a quick boost as construction jobs are created, and materials are sold and delivered. However, what happens years down the road when that business closes or moves somewhere else seeking lower operating costs? We are left with a struggling economy and an outdated building that is not suited for today’s industry. How many times do we drive by an empty factory, strip mall or car dealership only to see land being cleared for a new one just down the road? Wildlife is once again forced out as habitat is destroyed. More emphasis needs to be put on protecting and creating habitat by modifying existing buildings to accommodate new business, and convert previously developed unused land back into natural areas.

IMG 0548 1 - Could Less Development Be The Solution To Economic And Environmental Issues? — The Horned Grebe is listed as a special concern on the Species at Risk list. These birds breed in small freshwater ponds and marshes. As wetlands are replaced by industrial parks and malls, their population has suffered.

If nearly one quarter of the population birds and birding is the fastest growing recreational activity, than why is more not being done to promote and benefit, both environmentally and economically, from this activity? When you compare birding to other recreational activities, one clear difference stands out. There are very few designated areas where birding is the only permitted activity. Golf has golf courses, hockey has arenas, swimming and basketball have pools and gymnasiums located in recreation centers. There are plenty of places to bird, such as city parks and ESAs, but almost none where birding is the only permitted activity. If you are wondering what would be the draw to a designated birding area, imagine trying to golf while someone is flying a kite in the middle of the 18th fairway, or trying to swim laps in a pool while someone casts a lure into your lane. Birding can be done almost anywhere, but is easily disrupted by other activities.

11595403066 937574f9d2 b - Could Less Development Be The Solution To Economic And Environmental Issues? — Banning the DDT over forty years ago helped save Bald Eagles and other raptors. Unfortunately, they are still listed as a special concern in Ontario. These majestic birds now face habitat loss as one of their biggest threats.

Municipalities profit from city owned recreational facilities such as golf courses and arenas by charging to use these facilities. If birding is the fastest growing recreational activity and nearly one quarter of the population does it, than why not create more designated birding areas where a fee is paid to use them? Such areas would not only benefit the environment, but would have long term economic benefits as well.

IMG 0206 1 - Could Less Development Be The Solution To Economic And Environmental Issues? — Chimney Swifts are listed as threatened on the Species at Risk list. These birds nest and roost in chimneys. When chimneys are capped, lined and torn down their habitat is destroyed. In London, several large roosts exist in chimneys around the city. It is important to save these structures in an effort to save the swift. One chimney that hosts a roost of swifts that we run the risk of losing is located at the old Kingmill’s building. The building is scheduled for major renovations to accommodate Fanshawe College moving in. This is a great example of repurposing a building, but unfortunately to my knowledge, saving the chimney is not in the plan. The Chimney Swift shown here, was successfully rehabilitated and released by Swift Care Ontario.

Creating more federally, provincially or municipally owned, designated birding areas would be quite simple. There is plenty of land available to be saved from developers and designated for such areas. These areas would operate similar to a golf course. You would have a large expanse of land with a mixed habitat. Forests, meadows and wetlands would attract a wide range of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and of course birds. Now instead of charging a membership or green fee from April through November, you charge a membership or entrance fee twelve months of the year. Staff would be employed to collect fees, assist visitors and maintain the grounds just like a golf course. These designated birding areas would have much lower operating costs and carbon footprint than a golf course as no lawn mowers would be running, water consumed, or harmful fertilizers used. The areas would support biodiversity, ecotourism, and be an excellent destination for environmental education.

8723881743 dec09fb3d7 o 1 - Could Less Development Be The Solution To Economic And Environmental Issues? — The Eastern Meadowlark, another threatened species, nests on the ground in grasslands. If fields and meadows continue to be replaced by concrete and asphalt, their numbers will continue to decline.

Birding is defined as observing birds in their natural habitat as a hobby, but in fact most birders enjoy observing all flora and fauna. Birding is an activity that many take quite seriously. Most birders keep a list of birds observed each calendar year, as well as a list of birds observed in their lifetime. Since not all birds can be found close to home, many birders travel hundreds, even thousands of kilometers in search of new species. Birders have a great impact on the travel and tourism industry.

8463399948 8ccf68da64 b 1 - Could Less Development Be The Solution To Economic And Environmental Issues? — The Short-eared Owl, listed as special concern, is another bird of open grasslands. Like the Common Nighthawk and Eastern Meadowlark, it too nests on the ground. All three of these species would benefit from a protected area where development and agriculture wouldn’t threaten their habitat.

Situated between the Atlantic and Mississippi Flyways, two major migration routes, London Ontario’s geographic location is perfect for birding. Thousands of birds pass through the city each year during spring and fall migration. The Thames River is becoming more and more popular each year with birders, as word spreads of the abundance and variety of waterfowl that overwinters here. London is home to several resident species, many of which are listed as Species at Risk. At risk insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and plants can also be found across the Forest City, and for many, their numbers continue to decline as habitat is lost.

Having more protected areas for these species would give them a place to reproduce and thrive, having a tremendous environmental impact. These areas could also be used to reintroduce species into the wild or as a release site for rehabilitated wildlife. Having a designated birding area where birders could come and observe nature in its natural element would be a huge boost to our local tourism. Birders would flock to the area wishing to observe these delicate species. Local hotels, restaurants and retail would all benefit from the influx of new visitors to our city.

If you are not convinced birding has an positive impact on the economy, ask the small business and hotel owners in the towns surrounding Point Pelee their thoughts on the Festival of Birds. This birding festival is timed perfectly with spring migration, taking place annually in May. It draws upwards of 50,000 birders from around the world in a three week period, boosting the local economy.

IMG 5499 1 - Could Less Development Be The Solution To Economic And Environmental Issues? — Removing Milkweed from the noxious weed list was a step in the right direction to help the Monarch Butterfly rebound. We now need to protect large habitats where milkweed grows from development, to ensure the survival of this species currently listed as a special concern.

Designated birding areas would sustain themselves for many years. The positive environmental and economic impacts would be felt long term, unlike many developments. The number of empty buildings covering our landscape would be reduced, making cities more aesthetically pleasing and greener. Cities all across the country are constantly looking at ways to attract and keep people in their city. If one quarter of the population enjoys birding and observing nature, than why not give the people what they want. Maybe it’s time to shift the emphasis off development and onto keeping nature in the city.

Good birding,
Paul

Good Birding Report: London, Ontario
January 12-18 2015

IMG 1152 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 12-18 2015 — Bald Eagles are one of my favourite birds to observe and photograph along the Thames River during winter months.

Great birding opportunities continued across the Forest City this past week with several notable sightings. Winter migrants continue to move into and through our area, providing birders with excellent opportunities to view some beautiful species.

I headed down to Greenway Park, early in the week, after hearing reports of a Greater White-fronted Goose being observed on the Thames River in this location. These geese breed across the Arctic tundra and spend winters in Mexico, Central America, and in the Gulf States of the southern USA. Greater White-fronted Geese are not common east of the Mississippi, making this an excellent find in the city. Unfortunately I was not able to locate the bird, but was treated to several other species.

While scanning the river in an attempt to locate the goose, I observed a single male Northern Pintail swimming on the far side of the river. These dabbling ducks are common, but typically winter in the southern USA or Atlantic Seaboard, but are common in our area this time of year. I was able to snap a few photos, and later submitted my sighting to both the Middlesex/Elgin/Oxford Natural History group as well as eBird.

IMG 0458 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 12-18 2015 — Male Northern Pintail swimming behind a female Mallard.

Redheads were another first of the year species I observed on the river this week. Several of these diving ducks were observed at various locations between Springbank Dam and Greenway Park. Redheads feed on aquatic vegetation, and are drawn to the open water of the Thames River during winter months.

IMG 1308 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 12-18 2015 — Several Redheads, both males (pictured here) and females, were viewed at various locations on the Thames River.

Great views were also available of the regular winter ducks on the Thames. This past week saw the number of Buffleheads, Common Mergansers, Hooded Mergansers, and Common Goldeneyes increase once again. A short walk through either Greenway or Springbank Park will quickly reveal these species. Many of these ducks, including the Buffleheads and Common Goldeneyes, are going through their courtship displays and even mating. Observing these courtship displays is quite entertaining. Male Common Goldeneyes tilt their heads back, splash water in the air with their feet, then extend their necks as they let out their “peent” call. The courtship display of the male Bufflehead is less dramatic, consisting mostly of head bobbing and water splashing, but still fun to observe.

IMG 0927 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 12-18 2015 — Some ducks begin their courtship displays as early as December. Common Goldeneyes were observed courting and breeding this past week.

I’ve mentioned in previous posts that winter is the best time to observe Bald Eagles along the Thames River. This past week did not disappoint, with several adults and juvenile birds observed. In fact, every outing this past week along the river revealed at least one eagle.

IMG 1149 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 12-18 2015 — Bald Eagle approaching from upriver.

Birding along the river is not just about waterfowl and eagles though. Several species of songbird were also observed. Nothing out of the ordinary to report, but quality views of Northern Cardinals, Blue Jays, Woodpeckers, as well as Brown Creepers and Golden-crowned Kinglets were daily occurrences. I also observed several mammal species including: Raccoons, Squirrels, and White-tailed Deer. A complete list of the birds I observed between January 12 and 18, 2015 is included below.

American Black Duck
Mallard
Canada Goose
Redhead
Common Merganser
Hooded Merganser
Common Goldeneye
Bufflehead
Northern Pintail
Bald Eagle
Red-tailed Hawk
Northern Cardinal
American Crow
American Goldfinch
House Finch
Mourning Dove
Rock Pigeon
Blue Jay
Black-capped Chickadee
Dark-eyed Junco
Red-breasted Nuthatch
White-breasted Nuthatch
Downy Woodpecker
Hairy Woodpecker
Red-bellied Woodpecker
Great Blue Heron
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Carolina Wren
Brown Creeper

Several Snowy Owl sightings were reported just south of the city this past week. It seems these birds are returning to the same areas they were found during last year’s irruption. Multiple birders reported seeing Snowy Owls in the vicinity of the city dump on Manning Drive. If you live in the city’s south end, this will be a closer option for viewing these birds, rather than driving out to the Strathroy area. Be sure to check the eBird map for the locations of recent sightings before you head out. Remember, you can view the recent sightings of any species anywhere in the world using the eBird map.

If you have not made it out to observe some of these beautiful winter birds yet, I encourage you to do so. Many of these species will only be around until early March at the latest. Leave it too long and you will have to wait until next year. Don’t let these incredible birding opportunities pass you by.

Good birding,
Paul

Good Birding Report: London, Ontario
January 4-11 2015

IMG 0121 1 2 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 4-11 2015 — The Brown Creeper can be a difficult bird to locate. Their feather pattern is perfect camouflage against almost any tree bark.

Frigid temperatures and high winds made for predictable birding this past week. As expected, birds could be found in areas out of the wind and close to a food source. Wind breaks come in a variety of forms, and some of my favourites are evergreens, hillsides and riverbanks. The thick foliage of an evergreen tree provides great shelter from elements like wind and snow, as well as hungry predators. These trees are also an excellent food source as their cones contain seeds. The leeward side of a hill or riverbank is also a perfect place to find birds during windy conditions. I located several bird species in these areas feeding on a variety of fruits and seeds from the various trees and shrubs. Although I did not come across any lifers, I did tally 29 species to add to my 2015 year list.

IMG 9890 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 4-11 2015 — Common Goldeneye and Common Mergansers are commonly observed on the Thames River during winter months.

IMG 9814 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 4-11 2015 — Common Goldeneye male.

Waterfowl numbers on the Thames River drastically increased this past week. As area water bodies freeze several species, including many diving ducks, migrate to the river to overwinter. Good numbers of Common and Hooded Mergansers, Common Goldeneye, and Bufflehead are visible. My favourite stretch of river for observing winter waterfowl is between the Sanitorium Rd bridge in the city’s west end, and the Wharncliffe Road bridge, mere blocks from the city’s core. Large concentrations of waterfowl can be observed on this stretch of river. The river’s current flow in this section keeps the water open year round, providing these ducks with a place to feed. I enjoyed watching a flock of Hooded Mergansers feeding in this area. The ducks dove repeatedly, surfacing with gobies on almost every dive. After catching their fill they proceeded to an ice flow for some preening and a nap. Springbank or Greenway Park are excellent access points to this section of river. Plenty of free parking is available and walking is made easy as The City of London’s Parks Department does an incredible job of plowing and salting the paved path that parallels the river between these two parks.

IMG 9962 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 4-11 2015 — This juvenile Red-tailed Hawk uses the thick foliage of a spruce tree to shelter it from the frigid west wind and blowing snow.

Bald Eagles are also common in this section of river during winter months. In fact, winter is the best time of year to view these majestic raptors along the river within the city. This past week saw I observed adult and juvenile birds flying up and down the river. Other raptor species observed this week were Red-tailed Hawks, a Cooper’s Hawks and a Sharp-shinned Hawk.

IMG 9906 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 4-11 2015 — Birds weren’t the only animals seeking refuge from the wind. Unfortunately this Raccoon did not pick the best spot.

Brown Creepers are a resident species across our region, but their numbers do increase in winter as birds that breed to our north migrate to our area to overwinter. Birding in wooded areas this week revealed many of these small, incredibly well camouflaged birds. Brown Creepers can be observed climbing tree trunks as they search for food behind the bark. Their feather pattern blends in with almost any tree bark making them extremely difficult to locate. Learning their call will increase your odds of locating this bird.

IMG 9399 1 2 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 4-11 2015 — Red-bellied Woodpecker female.

Other tree clinging birds observed this week were: Downy, Hairy, and Red-bellied Woodpeckers, as well as Red-breasted and White-breasted Nuthatches. At one point I observed a Downy, Hairy, and Red-bellied Woodpecker all in the same tree only a few feet away from each other. Unfortunately too far apart to fit all three in a single camera frame.

IMG 9670 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 4-11 2015 — White-breasted Nuthatch

Many of the other common year round resident birds were also observed this past week. Cardinals, Blue Jays, Dark-eyed Juncos, and Black-capped Chickadees to name a few. Winter birding can provide some of the best views of the year. Birds are much more visible perched in tree that contains no leaves, and this is one huge advantage of heading out this time of year.

Birding during the cold winter months can be incredibly rewarding and is a great way to stay active. Dressing accordingly and limiting your time outside if needed are key to enjoying this activity. If you wonder what I wear to stay warm during these extreme winter conditions you can read my blog post Enjoy Winter Birding By Dressing For The Weather.

Good birding,
Paul

Taking Care Of Backyard Birds During Cold Weather

It looks like we are in for a bitter cold week across Southwestern Ontario. High temperatures in the negative teens are forecast, and strong winds will make it feel much colder. As homeowners, there are a few things we can do to make it easier on our feathered friends during adverse weather.

IMG 8728 1 - Taking Care Of Backyard Birds During Cold Weather — **Black oil sunflower seeds are a favourite of many birds, including Northern Cardinals.**

Birds keep warm in several ways during cold weather. One of these methods is by shivering. Shivering raises their metabolic rate, which keeps them warm but uses their fat reserves. Offering a high-quality seed will help replenish energy used during this process. Be careful where you buy your seed from. You may be tempted by what seems like a low price to purchase mixed seed from a big box store. The truth is, seed from a big box store is never fresh, often dusty, and contains several cheap fillers that is less desirable to birds. You may think you are saving a few dollars a bag, but do yourself and the birds a favour and purchase your seed from a birdseed retailer. When you purchase seed from a birdseed retailer, it is always fresh and doesn’t contain cheap fillers. Your backyard birds will consume every seed making it a far better deal than the discount seed that gets scattered on the ground as birds search for the few good seeds.

Your local seed retailer can also advise you on what seed is best for the birds in your area. I like to offer a variety of seed because it attracts the widest variety of birds. Some of my favourite seeds to offer are: black oil sunflower, peanuts (both in the shell and halves), safflower, white millet, nyjer, and suet. If you are reluctant to feed the birds because of the seed shells left behind, many retailers offer a mixed seed that contains no shells. Again, the price may seem a bit high, but remember you are only paying for the weight of the seed, not the shells.

IMG 8870 1 - Taking Care Of Backyard Birds During Cold Weather — **Dark-eyed Juncos are a species found in our area during winter months. They are a common backyard visitor that often feeds on the ground, cleaning up seeds spilled by other birds.**

Fresh water is equally important during cold weather and often attracts more birds to your backyard than food. A heated birdbath is a great way to offer water to birds during winter months. Remember to change the water frequently to ensure that it is fresh. Heated birdbaths can also be purchased from your local seed retailer.

IMG 8898 1 - Taking Care Of Backyard Birds During Cold Weather — **Providing high-quality seed to backyard birds helps supplement their diet and is more nourishing than other foods.**

Birds require shelter during extremely cold temperatures. Shelter protects birds from the cold, wind, snow, freezing rain, and predators such as hawks and cats. Evergreens are a great source of shelter for birds year-round, but especially in winter. If your yard is lacking evergreens than adding shelter is quite simple. The easiest way to provide shelter this time of year is to put your Christmas tree outside. Juncos, cardinals, wrens, chickadees, and sparrows will all quickly seek shelter in the thick branches of a Christmas Tree. Standing these trees upright may be more aesthetically pleasing, but is not necessary; laying the trees down on their sides provides adequate shelter. Adding multiple trees around your yard is even better. Watch for your neighbours to place their trees out to the curb or gather a few from one of the local recycling depots. Positioning them out of prevailing winds and in the sun makes an excellent spot for birds to keep warm. Place a few closer to your feeders to give birds a safe spot to dive into in case a raptor takes a swipe at them. Make sure the trees are far enough away from your feeder that squirrels can’t use them to gain access. Trees can then be placed at the curb in spring when the city resumes picking up yard materials.

IMG 8843 1 - Taking Care Of Backyard Birds During Cold Weather — **Black-capped Chickadees are one species that huddle in groups for warmth and will benefit from a roost box.**

Roost boxes provide excellent shelter for birds during winter. Roost boxes are similar to nest boxes but have perches inside and the hole is located at the bottom. Several birds will enter, then huddle on the perches for warmth. The hole located at the bottom helps to retain heat. Rising hot air is trapped in the box making it that much warmer. Chickadees, woodpeckers, nuthatches and other birds typically use roost boxes at night to stay warm. I have noticed birds on cold windy days and during snow squalls enter my roost boxes to escape the elements. I built my roost boxes with reversible fronts, so they can be converted to next boxes in the spring, but commercial boxes can be purchased at a seed retailer. Roost boxes should be placed out of the wind and in the afternoon sun so they will warm-up for the birds to use at night.

Having a backyard refuge for the birds has several benefits. Not only will you be helping wild birds survive when it is unbearably cold, but it is also a great way to enjoy nature from the comfort of your warm living room.

Good birding,
Paul

Subscribe To My Blog

Is Upgrading Your Telephoto Kit Lens Really Necessary For Bird Photography?

I recently published a blog post titled Photographing Birds: Tips and Tricks, where I shared information about getting the most out of your camera and lens by finding its “sweet spot” and shooting within its limitations. The images I used in that post were all shot with my Canon EF100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS USM lens, a lens that retails in Canada for $1499.00. Like almost everyone else, I started out with a much less expensive kit lens. Realizing that many people are shooting with kit lenses I wanted to demonstrate that acceptable images are achievable with equipment that costs much less. For this post, I decided to dig out my old kit lens, a Canon EFS55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS II. I have not shot with this lens since December of 2012, but wanted to illustrate the kind of results that can be achieved with a lens that retails for $229.00, and is included with many Canon DSLRs at the time of purchase.

IMG 9214 1 - Is Upgrading Your Telephoto Kit Lens Really Necessary For Bird Photography? — Taking the time to understand your camera’s functions and perfecting your skill is more advantageous than spending thousands of dollars on a new lens. This Black-capped Chickadee was photographed using a Canon EFS 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS II Kit lens.

Although equipment plays an important role in photography, technique and knowing how to use that equipment are even more important. Image quality has a lot more to do with the person behind the camera and lens than many people may realize. The main things you can do to improve your image quality are: take the time to learn and fully understand your camera functions, be able to quickly adjust your settings to changing conditions, and utilize techniques to steady your lens. Even if your budget allows for a $10,000 lens (for example, a 500mm f4), don’t expect to achieve instant results. The fact of the matter is, if you don’t hold the lens steady or properly expose your images, expensive equipment isn’t going to do you much good.

IMG 8979 1 - Is Upgrading Your Telephoto Kit Lens Really Necessary For Bird Photography? — The added reach and increased auto focus speed are what I deem the two biggest advantages in a lens upgrade. This Black-capped Chickadee was photographed using the Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS USM lens. Retail price $1499.00

IMG 9247 1 - Is Upgrading Your Telephoto Kit Lens Really Necessary For Bird Photography? — Getting close to your subject will make up for lost reach. This Photo was taken using the Canon EFS 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS II lens. Retail price $299.00

So if I can achieve results I am happy with using my kit lens, what do I get from a lens that costs five times as much? First of all, added reach. The extra 150mm comes in very handy because we all know how hard it is to get close to birds and wildlife without scaring them off. The build quality, including optics are better. Yes, better optics will give better results, but again, only if used properly. Most kit lenses are constructed mainly of plastic, where the Canon L series are mostly metal. For me this is not a huge issue as I am pretty careful with my equipment. For someone who travels a lot, the added durability of metal will help protect against light bumps. Drop either lens and I’m sure the fact that the kit lens is plastic will be the least of my worries. The Canon 100-400 is also partially weather sealed, providing increased protection against dust and moisture. This added build quality translates to added weight. My Canon 100-400mm weighs just over three pounds. A lens hood and case were also included with the Canon 100-400mm. The thing I like most about my Canon 100-400mm is the auto focus. Canon’s USM (ultrasonic motor) is incredibly fast and accurate. This to me, is worth every penny. Some bird species move incredibly fast and almost constantly, making focusing on them extremely difficult. Photographing birds in flight is also much easier with a lens that features a USM.

IMG 9120 1 - Is Upgrading Your Telephoto Kit Lens Really Necessary For Bird Photography? — Black-capped Chickadee. Canon EFS 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS II.

Achieving results with a kit lens is possible if you keep a few things in mind. As is the case with any lens in wildlife photography, get as close as possible. For some bird species, especially waterfowl, this can be difficult. Many birds in your backyard or at the local park are accustomed to human activity and can be approached closely. For other species this requires increased patience or hiding in a certain spot waiting for the bird to come into view. I find auto focus speed to be the biggest set back of a kit lens. In an area where there are leaves, branches and other obstructions, locking onto the target can sometimes take the lens longer then the subject is willing to wait. If this is the case, switch over to manual focus. By rotating the focus ring manually you will be able to track and lock onto flitting birds much faster. Be sure to hold your camera and lens as steady as possible. Even with image stabilization and fast shutter speeds, camera shake will quickly ruin an otherwise acceptable shot. If camera shake is a problem, than the use of a monopod will be beneficial.

I have been photographing birds and wildlife for three years now, and have seen improvements to my images in that time. I have read and watched countless tutorials, and spent hours practicing what I have learned. There has been much trial and error along the way, and there is always room for improvement. My photographs are by no means perfect, but I am happy with the results that I achieve. My first camera and lens combination was a Canon T3i with the EFS 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS II that suited me quite well. After understanding the functions of the camera and honing my skills and technique, I realized an equipment upgrade could improve my photography. My current set up, the Canon 7D and EF100-400mm f/4.6-5.6L IS USM gives me more reach, faster auto focus and more frames per second, three things that help with bird photography. When I sit back and scrutinize my images, I look to see what I could have done to improve the image quality. Perhaps I should have selected a faster shutter speed or different aperture. Maybe instead of focusing on the bird’s eye, I focused on the branch beside it. Camera shake is often to blame for my blurry images, even with the use of image stabilization. In all of these cases human error was to blame for the missed shot, not my equipment.

IMG 9274 1 - Is Upgrading Your Telephoto Kit Lens Really Necessary For Bird Photography? — Refining your technique will reward you with better results than investing in an expensive lens. Canon EFS 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS II

If you are a serious hobbyist like me, than upgrading your kit lens can help you achieve better results. Expensive lenses help reduce the limitations put on photographers by their equipment, but is not however a substitute for skill and technique. If you are currently shooting with a kit lens, practice achieving the best possible results with your set up. Work on being able to adjust ISO, shutter speed, and aperture quickly while shooting. Become familiar with your camera’s various metering modes, and the use of exposure compensation. These are elements of photography that are incredibly helpful in many shooting situations. When you consistently get results you are happy with, yet find range and focus speed are holding your photography back, then consider upgrading your lens. If you are not getting the results you hoped for from your camera and lens set-up, consider signing up for a one on one workshop.

*Click on the images in this post to view larger*

Good birding,
Paul

Subscribe To My Blog

Conditions Are Ideal For Locating Snowy Owls

While many people may have been dreaming of a white Christmas, the lack of snow in our area has made locating one bird much easier. Snowy Owls have returned to overwinter and new sightings are being reported daily throughout Southwestern Ontario. These large owls are often found sitting on the ground in open fields and are much easier to locate without any snow. Increased sightings and a lack of snow make now the perfect time to search for these owls.

I decided to check out a well-known wintering area west of London for Snowy Owls last week, and quickly located three in a couple of kilometer stretch of road. Knowing that Snowy Owls also like to perch high up on hydro poles, on fences posts, and even on top of agricultural buildings, I scanned high and low searching for these owls. Two of the birds were perched high up on hydro poles, and one was on a fence post. The bird on the fence post could have easily gone unnoticed if there was snow in the background. With no snow accumulation in the forecast for our area until late in the week, I recommend getting out there and searching for Snowy Owls.

IMG 8377 1 - Conditions Are Ideal For Locating Snowy Owls — When searching for Snowy Owls it is important to look high and low. These owls often perch on hydro poles, fence posts, agricultural buildings, and even on the ground.

When searching for Snowy Owls there are a few things to keep in mind. Patience is key. Snowy Owls will stay in the same area until February or March if not disturbed. Once an owl is located, be prepared to return to the same location many times to achieve and optimal view or photo. Many times these birds will be too far from the road to get a great look or a decent photo. By simply returning another day the same bird may be in a better location providing excellent views and photo opportunities. Remember to be respectful of property owners, fellow birders, and most importantly the owls. So often I see people chasing the owls out in the fields or from post to post hoping to get an optimal look or photo. Keep in mind many of these birds are on private property and land owners do not want birders trespassing on their land. Chasing the owls puts unnecessary stress on the birds, and denies other birders the opportunity to observe the bird. If the view or photo you are hoping for doesn’t present itself, return another day.

11408596914 f515214053 b - Conditions Are Ideal For Locating Snowy Owls — This Snowy Owl, photographed last winter, demonstrates how well camouflaged they are in a snow covered field. Increased sightings and a lack of snow make now the perfect time to search for these owls.

When you do come across a Snowy Owl and wish to photograph it, stay in your car. Snowy Owls are less stressed by humans in cars and you will be able to achieve better and longer views than if you try to approach on foot. If needed, circle back to position your vehicle in an ideal location so you are not shooting into the sun, but stay in your car. Again be patient. If you need to drive down the road to safely turn around, do so. There is no need to jam on the brakes and pull a U turn if you suddenly spot a Snowy Owl on top of a hydro pole. In fact, erratic car movements such as quickly braking, accelerating or turning are more likely to startle the owl causing it to fly. Once in position, roll your window down and shut off your car. Use the top of your door to help steady your camera. Turning the car off will eliminate any camera shake caused by engine vibrations.

By staying in my vehicle I was able to achieve great views of this Snowy Owl and managed several photos. The owl was not stressed by my presence and casually turned its head from side to side as other vehicles passed. Satisfied with my views and photos, I carried on leaving the owl unstressed and in the same location for others to enjoy. Would I have preferred a more dramatic background than a cloudy, rainy sky? Of course I would, but I know I can return multiple times this winter to this area and find the same owls perhaps against a different backdrop. It is more important to me as a birder to put the best interest of the birds first, than to achieve the “perfect shot” as a photographer.

Good birding,
Paul

Winter Waterfowl Have Returned To The Thames River

Winter is less then a week away and temperatures are not feeling very wintery. However, the Thames River is offering nice views of some winter waterfowl. The Thames River is a popular overwintering area for a wide variety of diving ducks, and many of the regular winter visitors are now present.

15764761679 c84b978d87 o - Winter Waterfowl Have Returned To The Thames River — Common Mergansers are the most abundant of the winter species currently being observed on the Thames River.

Over the past week I have been checking out various sections of the Thames River between Springbank and Harris Parks. This my favourite section of the river for finding winter waterfowl. The most abundant species present throughout this section is the Common Merganser. Several small groups of Hooded Mergansers, were also observed on this section of river. These small ducks, especially the females, are sometimes difficult to spot from a distance. Their dark plumage blends in against the river, so watching for movement or a ripple on the water can be helpful. The males, with their white feathers on the sides of their crests, are much easier to locate. Many times I spot the males first, then notice the females mixed in within the group upon closer inspection. Buffleheads are also present, but not in the the same numbers as the Mergansers yet. Earlier this week I noticed my first pair of Common Goldeneyes of the season on the river.

12178736134 57dff5d189 o1 - Winter Waterfowl Have Returned To The Thames River — Female Hooded Mergansers can be difficult to spot at far distances. Their drab colour tends to blend in with the water.

These, and other ducks, overwinter annually on the Thames river and will be present throughout the winter months. If you wish to view some of these species on the river, but do not want to cover the several kilometer section I mentioned, than I would suggest Greenway Park. I observed the highest concentration of winter waterfowl between the CN overpass and the outflow at Greenway Pollution Control Plant. This narrow section of river provides excellent views, even if you don’t own a pair of binoculars or spotting scope. Make sure to move slowly and quietly along the banks as many of these northern species are not as accustomed to human presence as our resident ducks. The slightest noise or erratic movement will startle these birds, causing them swim to the far side of the river or fly off.

IMG 6099 1 - Winter Waterfowl Have Returned To The Thames River — This past week saw a pair of Common Goldeneyes show up on the Thames River.

As winter sets in and temperatures fall, many of our local water bodies will ice up. As the amount of frozen water increases across the area, so too will the number of ducks on the Thames. Often in January and February the Thames River is the only open water in the area for these diving ducks to feed, making it the perfect place to observe winter waterfowl. If observing winter waterfowl is on your birding wishlist this season, than I highly recommend checking out the Thames River.

Good birding,
Paul

Photographing Birds: Tips and Tricks

I am receiving a lot of questions lately from followers asking about my camera gear, camera settings, and any pointers I can offer to help them with their bird photography. This post is designed to help answer some of these questions and hopefully give you something to take away to help improve your shots.

Currently, I am using the Canon 7D with the Canon 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS USM lens. I do like the versatility of the zoom, but have to admit the majority of my shots are taken at 400mm. I love the 8 frames per second on the 7D, especially for photographing birds in flight, and the autofocus on the 100-400mm is accurate and fast. New models of both of these pieces of equipment were introduced this year, so if you are looking to upgrade, prices have been drastically reduced on these noncurrent items.

I like to incorporate my bird photography with hiking, so for this reason, I do not use a tripod and shoot everything handheld. I am not one to stay in the same spot long, so for me setting up and taking down a tripod is too much of a hassle. I do use a tripod for landscape photography.

IMG 5704 1 2 - Photographing Birds: Tips and Tricks — Under ideal conditions, I like to shoot with low ISO and a high shutter speed. The low ISO results in a less noisy image and the high shutter speed helps freeze the action if the bird moves. 1/1250th second ISO 640 f8 at 400mm.

My first piece of advice, if you haven’t already done so, is to stop shooting in any of the program modes. In these modes, the cameras adjust ISO, aperture, and shutter speed automatically. The camera does it’s best job to get these settings right, but when it comes to bird photography these program modes will really hold you back.

As far as what settings I use, this obviously varies depending on the conditions. I like to use the lowest ISO possible, but maintain a high enough shutter speed to freeze the action. Unfortunately, with birds this is where the difficulty comes in. In order to get a high enough shutter speed, you must increase the ISO, but if you increase the ISO too much you get noisy images. In order to improve the quality, you must first understand the limitations of your equipment.

Regardless of what camera and lens set up you own, it is going to perform best at certain settings. For example, a camera’s image quality drastically decreases once you reach a certain ISO. Similarly, lenses are much sharper when not shot at their widest apertures. It doesn’t matter if you own an entry-level DSLR and kit lens or a top of the line professional body and super-telephoto lens, each piece of equipment has what I call a sweet spot.

15954808585 678c2fa111 o - Photographing Birds: Tips and Tricks — **Photographing birds in flight requires a fast shutter speed. Sometimes a little blur on the wings is nice to capture the element of motion. 1/800th second ISO 400 f8 at 400mm.**

Finding your camera’s sweet spot is quite easy, but requires the use of a tripod to eliminate any shake factor. Go outside and look for a subject to photograph. Make sure it is something stationary as you are going to take several shots of the same object. Switch your camera to aperture priority mode and extend your lens to it’s maximum range. Adjust the aperture on your camera to the widest aperture for your lens. On most kit lenses this will be f5.6. Set your ISO to 100. In aperture priority mode the camera will adjust the shutter speed for you. Take a photo of the predetermined object. Increase your ISO to 200 and take another photo of the same object. Continue to do this throughout the ISO settings on your camera. This will allow you to see the increased noise as you increase ISO, and where on your camera it becomes too noisy.

Similarly, you are going to want to do the same with aperture. To do this, keep your ISO at the same setting and only adjust your aperture. Again, the camera will adjust the shutter speed accordingly for proper exposure. Take repeated shots of the same stationary object as you narrow your aperture, f6.3, f7.1, f8, etc. You will notice your images become sharper. This will let you know at what aperture your lens is sharpest.

15669633139 966b1fb71a o - Photographing Birds: Tips and Tricks — **As is the case with anything, practice is key. The more you shoot, the better you will become. 1/1250th second ISO 500 f8 at 400mm.**

If you are just starting out I recommend shooting in aperture priority mode. Set your ISO to auto, but a maximum of whatever value your camera still performs best at. In most cases this will be 800. Set your aperture to the sharpest value you determined in the previous test. Note: be sure to keep a wide enough aperture to allow adequate shutter speeds, which are required to capture sharp images of moving birds. Likely f8 is going to be best. By doing this, you are shooting at the best possible aperture and ISO for camera and lens combination, while the camera adjusts the shutter speed. Light conditions are going to play a huge factor so I recommend doing this under good light conditions. By narrowing your aperture and limiting your ISO, I think you will see an improvement in your image quality.

15206765374 5b27c176a9 o - Photographing Birds: Tips and Tricks — **As conditions change throughout the day so too must your camera settings. 1/640th second f8 ISO 800 at 400mm.**

I have since moved to full manual mode, which gives full control over shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. With my particular set up, my lens is sharpest at f8 and images start to get increasingly noisy above 800 ISO. For this reason, I try to shoot at these settings and adjust my shutter speed accordingly to achieve proper exposure. Ideally, I like a shutter speed of 1/1000 or slightly higher, especially to freeze a moving bird. For birds in flight, I will increase this even higher. Unfortunately, light conditions do not always allow for this so shutter speed, aperture, or ISO must be adjusted accordingly.

IMG 7167 1 - Photographing Birds: Tips and Tricks — **Weather conditions do not always allow fast shutter speeds, low ISO, and optimum apertures; camera settings must be adjusted accordingly. 1/200th second f5.6 ISO 800 at 400mm.**

Sharp images are still achievable at lower shutter speeds with the help of image stabilization if the bird holds still. Practice holding your camera steady; keeping your arms close to your body will help eliminate shake. Use your knee or some other object to help stabilize your camera. Breathing can also help reduce camera shake. Once you have composed your shot and focused on a bird, take a breath in. Exhale slowly and gently press the shutter once you have almost expelled your breath. I have found this technique incredibly helpful. Quite often shake is caused by excitement of a new species or anticipation of a shot, and practicing this breathing helps calm and relax you prior to the shot.

IMG 7191 1 - Photographing Birds: Tips and Tricks — **Black-capped Chickadee. 1/200th second ISO 800 f5.6 at 400mm.**

Shoot often and take lots of pictures. That is the joy of digital. Hundreds of images can be easily discarded without spending a fortune on film or developing charges. Do not get discouraged, use each outing as a learning experience, and try to improve one aspect of your photography each time you are out. Most importantly, only compare your photos against your photos. There will always be photographers who produce better images than you and those who do not. This for me has been the best way to see and measure results.

If you have any further questions regarding bird photography, I am always available and willing to offer assistance. If a private, one on one or small group lesson in the field would be beneficial to you please contact me and we can arrange a time and place.

Good birding,
Paul

Subscribe To My Blog

The Red-Bellied Woodpecker Is Tops On My Bird List

When it comes to birds and birding, “What is your favourite bird” is the question I am asked most frequently. It is a difficult question to answer because I can honestly say I love all birds. Some I prefer more than others but I do love them all, even Starlings and Grackles.

If I had name a bird as my favourite, it would be the Red-bellied Woodpecker. I find their black and white feather pattern combined with their red crowns and napes simply striking. Their ascending, rolling call is music to my ears. The fact that these birds are easily found clinging to tree trunks in plain view, is another point in favour for this bird. Their medium size, colour, and call make locating and photographing these birds much easier than smaller birds that prefer a more dense habitat. Red-bellied Woodpeckers are often called Red Headed Woodpeckers by mistake, a separate species of woodpecker. The reddish belly for which they are named is most often held close to tree trunks and therefore is seldom seen.

12055495213 19dcffb885 o - The Red-Bellied Woodpecker Is Tops On My Bird List — Red-bellied Woodpeckers are often found clinging to tree trunks and stumps searching for food.

Red-bellied Woodpeckers are year round residents in our area and can be found in most forests and wooded areas. These birds also regularly frequent city parks and backyards. If you wish to attract these and other woodpeckers to your property, the addition of a peanut and suet feeder will certainly help.

12935884575 670f788bdd o1 - The Red-Bellied Woodpecker Is Tops On My Bird List — Red-bellied and other woodpeckers use their powerful beaks to excavate food from trees. The solid red crown indicates that this bird is a male.

Red-bellied Woodpeckers feed on insects, nuts, seeds and berries and are most often seen clinging to tree trunks searching for food. Woodpeckers listen for insects and other arthropods living behind the tree’s bark. Once food is located, they use their powerful beaks to move the bark or excavate a hole in the trunk. Next their long, sticky tongue is used to remove their meal. Red-bellied and other woodpeckers can also be seen storing food such as seeds and nuts behind tree bark and in cavities to be consumed later.

IMG 7103 1 2 - The Red-Bellied Woodpecker Is Tops On My Bird List — Woodpeckers use their long sticky tongues to extract insects and other arthropods from tree cavities.

IMG 7108 1 - The Red-Bellied Woodpecker Is Tops On My Bird List — Success! Today’s meal appears to be some type of larva or grub.

If finding one of these woodpeckers is something you wish to do, start by learning their call. I say this about a lot of birds, but in the case of the Red-bellied Woodpecker their call is easily recognized and they are not shy about using it to give away their location. If one of these birds is in the area you will hear it. Next time you come across a Red-bellied Woodpecker, admire their beautiful colours, markings and call. Once you do, it may become one of your favourite birds as well.

Good birding,
Paul

A Search For Waxwings Starts With A Search For Berries

If you are looking for excellent views of the beautiful Cedar Waxwing, late fall, and early winter is the perfect time. These colourful birds are a year-round resident of our area, but with leafless trees and predictable movements at this time of year, some of the best views are now achievable.

Cedar Waxwings can be found in a wide variety of habitats including deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forests, city parks, backyards, and alongside rivers and ponds. Their diet mainly consists of fruits and berries, but during summer months insects are also consumed. Waxwings are a common backyard visitor if you happen to have Serviceberry, Mountain Ash, Dogwoods, or other fruit-producing trees and shrubs in your yard. Unless you have a large property with several fruit trees, visits will likely be short-lived as these birds quickly devour all the fruit from a tree and then move on.

IMG 5508 1 - A Search For Waxwings Starts With A Search For Berries — **The diet of a Cedar Waxwing consists solely of berries during winter months.**

During late fall and winter, large flocks of Cedar Waxwings can be found feeding on remaining berries on various trees and shrubs. With a limited diet and food sources this time of year, locating these birds is quite easy. Find berries and you will find Cedar Waxwings. Once a flock is located, they can be observed feeding in the same location for days until all of the fruit is consumed. In areas where fruit trees are abundant, Cedar Waxwings will be found all winter, only moving short distances to search for food.

This past week I discovered a large flock of Cedar Waxwings feeding on berries in Springbank Park. The flock was observed feeding daily in the same group of trees. The birds were more interested in feeding than they were concerned with my presence, and many views were had from merely an arm’s length away. In fact, I had to step back in order to photograph the birds with a 400mm lens. The week passed and the trees are now completely void of berries. Fortunately, the area is full of fruit trees and I located the flock only a short distance away. Knowing these predictable feeding areas and movements will provide excellent views, and photo opportunities all winter as the birds move along the river.

IMG 5512 1 - A Search For Waxwings Starts With A Search For Berries — **Cedar Waxwing reaching for a berry.**

The silent movements of Cedar Waxwings often go unnoticed as they flit around consuming berries. It is not uncommon to be right next to these birds without detecting their presence. Learning their soft whistling call is a great help in locating Cedar Waxwings. Flocks of Waxwings will regularly perch high in trees letting out their soft calls while others feed closer to the ground. It is these faint whistles that will alert you of Cedar Waxwings in the area.

Pay close attention to trees and shrubs that still contain fruit next time you are out birding. When an area is discovered, listen for the soft whistles of the Cedar Waxwing. Once located, these birds will provide colourful views for you all winter long.

Good birding,
Paul