Great opportunities for viewing Bald Eagles along the Thames River are currently taking place. Winter months are my favourite for eagle watching in the city.
For those of you that follow me on Facebook and Twitter, you will have seen my frequent posts about Bald Eagle sightings across the city. As mentioned previously, winter is my favourite time of year to view these majestic raptors within the city. During winter months, Bald Eagles will congregate in areas to feed and roost with the Thames River corridor providing a perfect location for both. When the breeding season arrives, Bald Eagles aggressively defend their territories from a variety of wildlife including other eagles. With multiple nest sites along the Thames River eagles can be observed year round, but winter is when the highest concentration of eagles are present.
The solid white head and tail indicate this is a mature bird.
I try to incorporate a walk along the Thames River into my daily routine. I find that combining walking and birding has great health benefits, both physical and mental. I can count on one hand the number of days that I have not made it down to the river this calendar year, and am happy to report at least one eagle sighting from every visit. My favourite stretch of river for viewing eagles is between Sanitorium Road at the west end of Springbank Park and Wharncliffe Road at the east end of Greenway Park.
Bald Eagles can be observed flying up and down the river as well as perched in trees along the river bank. A common roosting location is in the section of tall Poplar trees across from the Greenway Pollution Control Plant. The pathways throughout Springbank and Greenway parks are plowed and salted daily when needed, leaving bare asphalt exposed which makes for easy walking.
The mottled plumage shown here is indicative of a juvenile Bald Eagle in its 2nd or 3rd year.
There are various year classes of Bald Eagle present along the Thames River this winter. Adult Bald Eagles reach maturity at five years of age, and are easily identified by their solid white heads and tails. Juvenile birds can be trickier to identify as their plumage varies considerably. Many people who I have spoken with along the river often confuse the young eagles for other large raptors, such as Red-tailed Hawks.
Adult Bald Eagle making its way upstream along the Thames River.
On a recent walk through Springbank Park I observed a total of six Bald Eagles. Now before you go accusing me of counting the same bird repeatedly I can explain my observations. I started out from the parking lot at Storybook Gardens heading upstream. I stopped to observe and photograph a small flock of Common Redpolls feeding on the seed cones of a Speckled Alder tree. As I looked up an adult Bald Eagle passed by overhead. I was able to quickly adjust my camera settings and capture a few images as the bird passed.
Minutes later, I observed another eagle approaching from downstream with the first eagle still visible further up river. I waited patiently for the second eagle, it too an adult, to pass hoping for more photos, but unfortunately it flew behind me. I would have been shooting directly into the sun so I did not attempt any photos, and was content to just watch the second eagle pass by. I continued to photograph the redpolls before turning around and heading downstream.
The brown streaking around this Bald Eagle’s eye suggests it is a 4th year bird.
Further downstream, just east of the Springbank Dam, I saw an eagle approaching from down river. Thinking at first that one of the previous two adults birds must have circled back down river without me noticing, I raised my camera and starting taking pictures. As the bird passed by overhead, I noticed that its head wasn’t completely white. This particular eagle still had several dark markings around its eye indicating that this bird was not fully mature and likely a fourth year bird.
The streaks of brown are still evident on the head and tail of this 4th year Bald Eagle. Also note the few remaining white markings under the bird’s wings.
After completing my walk, I headed back to my truck and proceeded to pack my camera back into its bag. I looked up into the sky and saw another Bald Eagle about to pass over the parking lot. I scrambled to get my camera back out of the bag and began snapping photos. This eagle was mostly dark underneath with some white under its wings and tail, a dark iris, and dark beak indicating a first year bird. As I photographed the eagle, two more juvenile eagles came into view. There were now three juvenile eagles circling overhead. I watched as the three young eagles soared; chasing and diving at one another as if playing. All three of these birds shared the same field markings, leading me to believe they could be siblings that fledged earlier this year from one of the area nest sites.
This 1st year Bald Eagle displays a mostly dark plumage with white under its wings and tail.
On previous days observing Bald Eagles on this stretch of the Thames River, I have noticed two other juvenile birds. These eagles vary from the other juvenile birds in that their plumage is more mottled, and their irises are transforming from dark to yellow. The field markings of these birds suggest they are in their 2nd or 3rd year.
2nd or 3rd year juvenile Bald Eagle perched in a Spruce tree.
From my observations so far this winter, I think it is safe to conclude that at least eight different Bald Eagles are frequenting this section of the Thames River: two adults, two second or third year juveniles, a fourth year bird, and three first year juveniles. Sightings have been reported along other sections of the Thames River, including the south branch through the SOHO neighbourhood as well as along the north branch.
As winter wears on and the breeding season approaches, the young eagles will search for a territory of their own as the mature birds that nest in the area drive them away. Bald Eagles begin nesting early in the year; if you wait too long you will lessen your chances of seeing one of these amazing birds. Their numbers seem to be peaking right now, so if you get the chance in the near future I highly recommend a walk along the banks of the Thames River.
*Click on the images in this post to view them larger*
Bald Eagles are one of my favourite birds to observe and photograph along the Thames River during winter months.
Great birding opportunities continued across the Forest City this past week with several notable sightings. Winter migrants continue to move into and through our area, providing birders with excellent opportunities to view some beautiful species.
I headed down to Greenway Park, early in the week, after hearing reports of a Greater White-fronted Goose being observed on the Thames River in this location. These geese breed across the Arctic tundra and spend winters in Mexico, Central America, and in the Gulf States of the southern USA. Greater White-fronted Geese are not common east of the Mississippi, making this an excellent find in the city. Unfortunately I was not able to locate the bird, but was treated to several other species.
While scanning the river in an attempt to locate the goose, I observed a single male Northern Pintail swimming on the far side of the river. These dabbling ducks are common, but typically winter in the southern USA or Atlantic Seaboard, but are common in our area this time of year. I was able to snap a few photos, and later submitted my sighting to both the Middlesex/Elgin/Oxford Natural History group as well as eBird.
Male Northern Pintail swimming behind a female Mallard.
Redheads were another first of the year species I observed on the river this week. Several of these diving ducks were observed at various locations between Springbank Dam and Greenway Park. Redheads feed on aquatic vegetation, and are drawn to the open water of the Thames River during winter months.
Several Redheads, both males (pictured here) and females, were viewed at various locations on the Thames River.
Great views were also available of the regular winter ducks on the Thames. This past week saw the number of Buffleheads, Common Mergansers, Hooded Mergansers, and Common Goldeneyes increase once again. A short walk through either Greenway or Springbank Park will quickly reveal these species. Many of these ducks, including the Buffleheads and Common Goldeneyes, are going through their courtship displays and even mating. Observing these courtship displays is quite entertaining. Male Common Goldeneyes tilt their heads back, splash water in the air with their feet, then extend their necks as they let out their “peent” call. The courtship display of the male Bufflehead is less dramatic, consisting mostly of head bobbing and water splashing, but still fun to observe.
Some ducks begin their courtship displays as early as December. Common Goldeneyes were observed courting and breeding this past week.
I’ve mentioned in previous posts that winter is the best time to observe Bald Eagles along the Thames River. This past week did not disappoint, with several adults and juvenile birds observed. In fact, every outing this past week along the river revealed at least one eagle.
Bald Eagle approaching from upriver.
Birding along the river is not just about waterfowl and eagles though. Several species of songbird were also observed. Nothing out of the ordinary to report, but quality views of Northern Cardinals, Blue Jays, Woodpeckers, as well as Brown Creepers and Golden-crowned Kinglets were daily occurrences. I also observed several mammal species including: Raccoons, Squirrels, and White-tailed Deer. A complete list of the birds I observed between January 12 and 18, 2015 is included below.
American Black Duck
Mallard
Canada Goose
Redhead
Common Merganser
Hooded Merganser
Common Goldeneye
Bufflehead
Northern Pintail
Bald Eagle
Red-tailed Hawk
Northern Cardinal
American Crow
American Goldfinch
House Finch
Mourning Dove
Rock Pigeon
Blue Jay
Black-capped Chickadee
Dark-eyed Junco
Red-breasted Nuthatch
White-breasted Nuthatch
Downy Woodpecker
Hairy Woodpecker
Red-bellied Woodpecker
Great Blue Heron
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Carolina Wren
Brown Creeper
Several Snowy Owl sightings were reported just south of the city this past week. It seems these birds are returning to the same areas they were found during last year’s irruption. Multiple birders reported seeing Snowy Owls in the vicinity of the city dump on Manning Drive. If you live in the city’s south end, this will be a closer option for viewing these birds, rather than driving out to the Strathroy area. Be sure to check the eBird map for the locations of recent sightings before you head out. Remember, you can view the recent sightings of any species anywhere in the world using the eBird map.
If you have not made it out to observe some of these beautiful winter birds yet, I encourage you to do so. Many of these species will only be around until early March at the latest. Leave it too long and you will have to wait until next year. Don’t let these incredible birding opportunities pass you by.
The Brown Creeper can be a difficult bird to locate. Their feather pattern is perfect camouflage against almost any tree bark.
Frigid temperatures and high winds made for predictable birding this past week. As expected, birds could be found in areas out of the wind and close to a food source. Wind breaks come in a variety of forms, and some of my favourites are evergreens, hillsides and riverbanks. The thick foliage of an evergreen tree provides great shelter from elements like wind and snow, as well as hungry predators. These trees are also an excellent food source as their cones contain seeds. The leeward side of a hill or riverbank is also a perfect place to find birds during windy conditions. I located several bird species in these areas feeding on a variety of fruits and seeds from the various trees and shrubs. Although I did not come across any lifers, I did tally 29 species to add to my 2015 year list.
Common Goldeneye and Common Mergansers are commonly observed on the Thames River during winter months.Common Goldeneye male.
Waterfowl numbers on the Thames River drastically increased this past week. As area water bodies freeze several species, including many diving ducks, migrate to the river to overwinter. Good numbers of Common and Hooded Mergansers, Common Goldeneye, and Bufflehead are visible. My favourite stretch of river for observing winter waterfowl is between the Sanitorium Rd bridge in the city’s west end, and the Wharncliffe Road bridge, mere blocks from the city’s core. Large concentrations of waterfowl can be observed on this stretch of river. The river’s current flow in this section keeps the water open year round, providing these ducks with a place to feed. I enjoyed watching a flock of Hooded Mergansers feeding in this area. The ducks dove repeatedly, surfacing with gobies on almost every dive. After catching their fill they proceeded to an ice flow for some preening and a nap. Springbank or Greenway Park are excellent access points to this section of river. Plenty of free parking is available and walking is made easy as The City of London’s Parks Department does an incredible job of plowing and salting the paved path that parallels the river between these two parks.
This juvenile Red-tailed Hawk uses the thick foliage of a spruce tree to shelter it from the frigid west wind and blowing snow.
Bald Eagles are also common in this section of river during winter months. In fact, winter is the best time of year to view these majestic raptors along the river within the city. This past week saw I observed adult and juvenile birds flying up and down the river. Other raptor species observed this week were Red-tailed Hawks, a Cooper’s Hawks and a Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Birds weren’t the only animals seeking refuge from the wind. Unfortunately this Raccoon did not pick the best spot.
Brown Creepers are a resident species across our region, but their numbers do increase in winter as birds that breed to our north migrate to our area to overwinter. Birding in wooded areas this week revealed many of these small, incredibly well camouflaged birds. Brown Creepers can be observed climbing tree trunks as they search for food behind the bark. Their feather pattern blends in with almost any tree bark making them extremely difficult to locate. Learning their call will increase your odds of locating this bird.
Red-bellied Woodpecker female.
Other tree clinging birds observed this week were: Downy, Hairy, and Red-bellied Woodpeckers, as well as Red-breasted and White-breasted Nuthatches. At one point I observed a Downy, Hairy, and Red-bellied Woodpecker all in the same tree only a few feet away from each other. Unfortunately too far apart to fit all three in a single camera frame.
White-breasted Nuthatch
Many of the other common year round resident birds were also observed this past week. Cardinals, Blue Jays, Dark-eyed Juncos, and Black-capped Chickadees to name a few. Winter birding can provide some of the best views of the year. Birds are much more visible perched in tree that contains no leaves, and this is one huge advantage of heading out this time of year.
Birding during the cold winter months can be incredibly rewarding and is a great way to stay active. Dressing accordingly and limiting your time outside if needed are key to enjoying this activity. If you wonder what I wear to stay warm during these extreme winter conditions you can read my blog post Enjoy Winter Birding By Dressing For The Weather.
Hooded Mergansers are one of the many waterfowl species that overwinter on the Thames River.
Winter is less then a week away and temperatures are not feeling very wintery. However, the Thames River is offering nice views of some winter waterfowl. The Thames River is a popular overwintering area for a wide variety of diving ducks, and many of the regular winter visitors are now present.
Common Mergansers are the most abundant of the winter species currently being observed on the Thames River.
Over the past week I have been checking out various sections of the Thames River between Springbank and Harris Parks. This my favourite section of the river for finding winter waterfowl. The most abundant species present throughout this section is the Common Merganser. Several small groups of Hooded Mergansers, were also observed on this section of river. These small ducks, especially the females, are sometimes difficult to spot from a distance. Their dark plumage blends in against the river, so watching for movement or a ripple on the water can be helpful. The males, with their white feathers on the sides of their crests, are much easier to locate. Many times I spot the males first, then notice the females mixed in within the group upon closer inspection. Buffleheads are also present, but not in the the same numbers as the Mergansers yet. Earlier this week I noticed my first pair of Common Goldeneyes of the season on the river.
Female Hooded Mergansers can be difficult to spot at far distances. Their drab colour tends to blend in with the water.
These, and other ducks, overwinter annually on the Thames river and will be present throughout the winter months. If you wish to view some of these species on the river, but do not want to cover the several kilometer section I mentioned, than I would suggest Greenway Park. I observed the highest concentration of winter waterfowl between the CN overpass and the outflow at Greenway Pollution Control Plant. This narrow section of river provides excellent views, even if you don’t own a pair of binoculars or spotting scope. Make sure to move slowly and quietly along the banks as many of these northern species are not as accustomed to human presence as our resident ducks. The slightest noise or erratic movement will startle these birds, causing them swim to the far side of the river or fly off.
This past week saw a pair of Common Goldeneyes show up on the Thames River.
As winter sets in and temperatures fall, many of our local water bodies will ice up. As the amount of frozen water increases across the area, so too will the number of ducks on the Thames. Often in January and February the Thames River is the only open water in the area for these diving ducks to feed, making it the perfect place to observe winter waterfowl. If observing winter waterfowl is on your birding wishlist this season, than I highly recommend checking out the Thames River.
The American Coot is a unique bird. They are often observed swimming on lakes, rivers, and ponds. However, they do not have webbed feet. Coots propel themselves through the water with their wide lobed toes and are in fact not ducks, but members of the rail family. They are easily identified by their dark bodies, white foreheads and red eyes. Aquatic vegetation, both floating and submerged, make up the majority of the Coot’s diet; as is the case with many water birds, they also consume insects, crustaceans and other aquatic life. These submerged food sources mean the Coot is often observed diving while feeding.
Aquatic vegetation is a favourite of the American Coot.
Like many birds, American Coots begin migrating in the fall and form large flocks while doing so. Not all Coots go as far as the southern United States during winter months. In fact, several birds often overwinter in the lower Great Lakes region. Their diet makes open water a key to survival and they are one of many species found on the Detroit, St.Clair and even the Thames River during winter.
The birds were not the only thing providing beauty on this evening. The sunset and leaves added lots of colour.
Last week I decided to head over to Westminster Ponds ESA for some evening birding and to take in the sunset. Upon arriving at Saunders Pond, I observed a small flock of nine American Coots feeding close to shore on the east side of the pond. I moved slowly and quietly to the edge of the pond for a closer look. The birds were undisturbed by my presence and were focused more on feeding. The low, golden sun illuminated the birds beautifully. I watched as the Coots dove repeatedly, emerging with strands of green vegetation. Several battles ensued, as those birds with food quickly had to elude those without. It was also a great opportunity to listen to the various sounds made by Coots, which range from squawks to grunts, and croaks.
Horned Grebes are among the many species that can be found on Saunders Pond.
On this particular evening I also observed three Pied-billed Grebes and a Horned Grebe in the same area of the pond. Wood Ducks were also abundant. Their loud calls made locating and counting these colourful ducks quite easy. It wasn’t long before a final total of eighteen was reached. Saunders Pond is an excellent place to observe these and other aquatic birds. As migration continues throughout fall and into winter, more species will show up as open water and food diminishes. Several duck species including Wigeon, Teal and Ring-necked are often observed. Common Loons have also been observed during migration.
American Coots are a small sample of the birds that use Saunders Pond as a food source. Look for more species as migration continues.
Saunders Pond can be accessed from Commissioners Road by turning south onto Western Counties Road at Victoria Hospital. Follow the road past Parkwood Hospital where you will find parking with the pond a short walk further south. Access and parking is also available off Wellington Road, directly behind Tourist Information. If you or someone you know requires the aid of a mobility device then I recommend this entrance. Paved paths, a wooden lookout and boardwalk make this location and views of Saunders Pond accessible for everyone.
If observing waterfowl and other aquatic birds this fall is on your birding wishlist, then I highly suggest visiting Saunders Pond frequently this season. I hope to see you there.
This past week saw increased numbers of Yellow-rumped Warblers. Southwestern Ontario falls in the northernmost portion of their winter range.
October is one of my favourite months to get out birding. By now migration is well underway and although many species that move through the area such as Raptors, Warblers and Shorebirds have peaked when it comes to numbers, there are still plenty of birds to see. Several species that spend the winter months in London have started to appear, making fall migration a case of out with the old and in with the new.
Early in the week saw large flocks of migrating blackbirds congregating throughout the city. Red-winged Blackbirds were observed along the Thames River and on the edges of the ponds at Westminster Ponds ESA. Common Grackles were also observed in these same areas and at my feeder. I have read several articles suggesting that safflower seed is less desirable than other seed to Grackles. I can tell you first hand that I watched 35 Grackles in my yard make short work of a feeder full of safflower seed. For many, this would lead to great frustration, but for me I saw it as the fuel they needed to propel them out of the area. After two days my yard was Grackle free.
White-throated Sparrows are another species that overwinter in our area. Like other species, these birds can now be observed throughout the city.My first Dark-eyed Junco of the fall was seen Thanksgiving weekend in my backyard.
Of the species that breed to the north, but overwinter in our area, several showed up this past week. Increased numbers of White-throated Sparrows and Yellow-rumped Warblers were observed. The first Dark-eyed Junco I’ve seen this fall paid a visit to my feeder. October is also a the perfect month to see Ruby-crowned and Golden-crowned Kinglets throughout the city. Searching open meadows that contain Goldenrod is a great place to look for these species. The seeds from these and other native wildflowers are a great source of food for these and other songbirds. A highlight for me was seeing both tan and white striped variations of White-throated Sparrows beneath my feeder simultaneously, providing excellent comparison views.
Red-tailed Hawks were observed in various locations around the city.Cedar Waxwing in a Buckthorn tree.
Resident birds never disappoint at this time of year either. While walking along the river this week, I had multiple encounters with juvenile Bald Eagles. Their completely dark plumage indicated these large raptors were born this year, likely from one of the nests along the river. Cool mornings made for great birding as this is a prime time to find feeding birds. With so many natural foods available this time of year, locating birds can be easy. Finding a natural food source out of the wind and in the warm morning sun is a great place to find a variety of birds. Again, open meadows with seed producing flowers are a great spot. Another great food source, although an invasive species, is the Common Buckthorn. Birds of all kinds are drawn to the ripe fruit found on this tree. On warm days, insects are also drawn to the fruit, attracting even more birds. Cedar Waxwings and American Robins are two species readily found feeding on Buckthorn Berries.
The male Wood Duck is one of the most colourful birds found in our area. Popular places to find these birds include the Thames River in Greenway Park and Westminster Ponds ESA.Male Mallard in breeding plumage.
This past week presented some great looks at waterfowl. Male Mallards and male Wood Ducks were observed both on the Thames River and at Westminster Ponds ESA. Back in their breeding plumage after spending several weeks in the summer in eclipse plumage, these ducks are displaying beautiful colours. Catch them in the right light and the colours are simply amazing. Other birds found in the water at these two locations were Great Blue Herons and Double-crested Cormorants. If you like Woodpeckers than I highly recommend visiting Westminster Ponds ESA, as six species: Downy, Hairy, Red-bellied, Pileated, Northern Flickers and Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers can all be found there, although the Sapsuckers will soon be heading south.
Painted Lady Butterfly feeding on the nectar of a New England Aster.Cabbage White Butterfly
Several butterfly species were also found this past week with Painted Lady, Cabbage White, Orange and Clouded Sulphurs being the most prevalent. I also observed both a single Mourning Cloak and Monarch. Asters were the flower of choice for these butterflies, as they were all seen feeding on the nectar of these native wildflowers.
If taking in the beautiful fall leaves while birding is something you are wishing to do, then I would recommend a few places. Along the Thames River across from Springbank Park is currently displaying some brilliant red, yellow and orange leaves. Birding in the park is always good as Blue Jays, Woodpeckers, Eagles and other Raptors, plus Waterfowl are all abundant within its boundaries. The trees surrounding Spettigue Pond in the Westminster Ponds ESA are also showing great colour. Although I have not been yet this fall, Fanshawe Conservation Area and Dorchester Mill Pond are also great places to find outstanding colours and the birding is excellent.
As the month of October presses on, good birding opportunities will continue to present themselves. Leafless trees make for better views and new species will arrive daily. Remember to keep your feeders full, as fall is a great time to add new species to your yard list.
Dams have several negative effects on rivers. Since Springbank Dam became nonoperational in 2008, the health of the Thames River has improved.
Constructed at its current location in 1929, Springbank Dam was built to create water supply reservoirs and for recreational activities. As the city expanded, means by which water was collected and stored changed, as new technology became available. These obsolete reservoirs have since been replaced by park, and the pump house converted to washrooms. Plenty of recreational activities exist, as canoeing, kayaking and fishing are still enjoyed along the river.
Contrary to what many believe, Springbank Dam serves no purpose in flood control as is evident by London’s famous flood in 1937. In fact, the threat of flooding wasn’t resolved until Fanshawe Dam was completed in 1952. Springbank Dam has been nonoperational since 2008 when after repairs, debris in the river caused one of the gates to shift and bolts securing that gate’s hinge sheared off. Since this time, the health of the river has improved.
Natural water levels make for a much healthier river. Air and water quality is improved, and wildlife habitat increases. Both factors are beneficial to the many Species at Risk residing in and along the Thames River.
Dams are unhealthy for rivers in many ways. They create an unnatural barrier preventing fish and other aquatic life from moving freely up and down stream. The decreased flow of water causes sediment and nutrients to build up and an increase in water temperature. These factors promote the growth of harmful bacteria and algae. When Springbank Dam was operational, stagnant, slow moving water, made the river appear dirty and produced the aroma associated with it for so many years. Glancing at the river when passing by, it now appears much cleaner than it did when the dam was operational. It is not just an appearance, the river is in fact cleaner. The increased flow of water keeps a fresh supply coming from upstream and moves sediment, nutrients, and treated sewage from Greenway Pollution Control Plant out of the city.
Many Species at Risk inhabit the Thames River and its watershed. Ten species of fish and ten species of freshwater mussel currently found in the river are listed as Species at Risk. Seven species of snake and six species of turtle that are currently listed as Species at Risk reside within the Thames River watershed. Several factors have led to the decline of these species including: habitat loss, pollution, and siltation, all negative effects caused by Springbank Dam.
The Northern Map Turtle is a Species At Risk residing in the Thames River. Nesting habitat for these and other turtles has increased without Springbank Dam in operation.A threatened species, the Spiny Softshell Turtle is benefiting without Springbank Dam. Increased habitat has resulted in the UTRCA Species At Risk Reptile Team protecting 175 nests this year. The most ever!
Seven of the eight turtle species residing in Ontario are now listed as Species At Risk. Six of these species are found within the Thames River Watershed. Among these species is the Spiny Softshell Turtle, currently listed as threatened. Habitat loss and pollution are two of this species biggest threats; both issues have improved since Springbank Dam failed. With the river back at its natural level, nesting habitat for these turtles has greatly increased. The Upper Thames River Conservation Authority’s Species At Risk Reptile Team has been working hard over the years to protect these turtles and their nests. This year saw them protect 175 Spiny Softshell Turtle nests, the most ever, proof this species is benefiting without Springbank Dam.
During spring and fall migration, songbirds and waterfowl follow the Thames River valley. Resting and feeding in and along the river is key to their survival. The healthier river is now attracting more species.
With the Thames River now at its natural level, reforestation is occurring, increasing the size of the riparian zone. A riparian zone is the area of vegetation where the land and river meet. This area helps reduce pollution and improve water quality. Along the Thames, many beneficial native species of tree, shrub, wild flower, and grass, make up this riparian zone. Their root systems stabilize the bank, reducing erosion and the amount of sediment that ends up in the river. Less sediment means a cleaner river bed which improves the habitat where fish spawn.
Wading birds like the Great Blue Heron are attracted to the natural water levels of the Thames River. These birds feed on fish and other aquatic life in the shallow water.
Riparian vegetation also reduces the amount of harmful nutrients and pesticides that enter the river with run off following periods of rain. Although these nutrients occur naturally in aquatic ecosystems, high levels result in nutrient pollution. Many of these nutrients and pesticides are applied to lawns by golf courses, homeowners, and city parks along the river. Most notable are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium found in fertilizers. Too much nitrogen and phosphorus in the river can cause water to become polluted.
Natural reforestation is occurring along the Thames River in areas that with Springbank Dam operational would otherwise be underwater. Native species such as Poplars, Aspen, and Willow are among the new growth.
Trees in the riparian zone provide nest sites for birds. Wood and debris that fall from these trees into the river provide shelter, current breaks and habitat for fish and aquatic insects. The shade created by these trees regulates the water temperature benefiting several fish species, as most fish, including many on the Species at Risk list, thrive in cooler water.
Riparian vegetation is key to a healthy river. Following periods of rain, this vegetation reduces the amount of harmful nutrients and pesticides entering the river with run off.
Leaves, twigs and other organic matter that fall into the river and riparian zone, provides food for many aquatic organisms. Increased vegetation along the banks helps slow the force of the water after heavy rains, which prevents erosion of the river bed. When a riverbed erodes the local groundwater table is lowered, which has negative effects on the environment. These negative effects include: loss of wetlands and riparian vegetation, more frequent and severe drought, reduced biodiversity and wildlife habitat loss.
Evidence of this reforestation and increased size to the riparian zone is most easily noticed at Springbank Park on both sides of the river, from the dam, upstream to the old pump house. Beneficial reforestation is not limited to this section of the river as it occurs in many areas as you follow the river upstream.
Monarch Butterflies are benefiting from Milkweed that has grown in areas that would otherwise be underwater. Milkweed is key to the survival of Monarch Butterflies as it is the only plant their caterpillars eat. These areas of Milkweed will be destroyed if Springbank Dam is repaired.The Red Osier Dogwood is one of many native plant species to grow in the Riparian area. Not only does this shrub reduce sediment, nutrients, and pesticides from entering the river, its flowers attract beneficial pollinators like butterflies and bees. The fruit is also a favourite of many birds.
Native species in the riparian zone where natural reforestation is occurring along the Thames River include: Poplar, Aspen, Cottonwood, and Sycamore. Smaller fruit bearing trees and shrubs, like Dogwoods and Chokecherries, are also found. Migratory birds use the Thames River as a highway, feeding on various organisms such as insects, fish, and berries. These same organisms provide food year round to resident birds. Birds nest and raise their young in these same trees and shrubs. Native wild flowers such as Milkweed are growing in areas that with Springbank Dam operational would otherwise be underwater. Milkweed is critical to the survival of the Monarch Butterfly, as it is the only plant consumed by Monarch caterpillars. Other wild flowers now abundant along the banks of the Thames River are Joe-Pye-Weed, Goldenrod, and Jewel Weed. Jewel Weed is a magnet for Hummingbirds. A quick look over the large patches, especially during migration, reveals these beautiful little birds. Joe-Pye-Weed, a mid season bloomer, and Goldenrod, a late season bloomer, are both beneficial to pollinators such as Bees and Butterflies. Nectar from the late blooming Goldenrod is a favourite food of adult Monarch Butterflies who begin their 3000km migration to Mexico in early September. Mammals such as Beavers can be found nibbling on the Poplars, American Mink slip through the dense cover within the riparian zone, as do Squirrels and Chipmunks. Reptiles and amphibians such as snakes, frogs, and toads call this area home.
Repairing Springbank Dam will raise water levels to an unnatural level. The natural reforestation and beneficial riparian zone will be flooded and destroyed. Water and air quality will suffer and so too will many plant and animal species, some of them Species at Risk. Nesting habitat of threatened turtles will be unnecessarily submerged, and the slow moving, stagnant water that so many Londoners associate with the Thames will return. Future repairs will cost taxpayers millions, as new studies, research, and engineering will be required as the previous design clearly failed. A $5 million law suit launched by the City of London against the contractors hired to repair Springbank Dam is expected to hit the courts next year. If money previously spent on this project is recouped by this lawsuit, it could be spent addressing the many other issues facing our city. There is no plan for what the city intends to do with Springbank Dam in the future, but with a municipal election on October 27, 2014 it is an issue I will be discussing with my mayoral and ward candidates before I vote. If you wish to keep a healthy and diverse ecosystem and save Species at Risk in the Thames River, then leaving Springbank Dam nonoperational, thus maintaining natural water levels, is the solution.
Listed as Endangered in Nova Scotia, and as a Species At Risk In Ontario and Quebec, wildlife rehabilitators go to great lengths protecting Chimney Swifts.
The epic journey of three young Chimney Swifts began in August 2014 when human ignorance and insensitivity disrupted the natural breeding cycle of a pair of adult Swifts. For reasons not disclosed, four young Swifts were removed from their nest, left malnourished and dehydrated during a critical time in their development. Chimney Swifts were placed on the Endangered Species list earlier this year in Nova Scotia, making this act even more reprehensible. Only those involved know the facts, and those responsible for interfering with the birds could face charges. It was at this time the young Swifts were left in the care of Dr. Helene Van Doninck of the Cobequid Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre. These birds were less than two weeks old, their eyes still closed and their bodies not fully feathered. Unfortunately, one of the birds did not survive, but under Dr. Van Doninck’s professional care the other three persevered.
Although this image is not of the trio from Nova Scotia, it represents how they would have appeared shortly before being taken into care by Dr. Helene Van Doninck. Photo courtesy of SCO archives
After a week of caring for the trio, Dr. Van Doninck was concerned about the future of these young Chimney Swifts. The local population of wild Chimney Swifts had already begun their migration south. Finding an active roost to release the rehabilitated birds with, when they became ready, would be paramount to their survival. Realizing their parents had nested late in the season, the initial setback faced by the young birds, and the amount of time required before they would be ready for release, Dr. Van Doninck contacted Swift Care Ontario. As a wildlife rehabilitator specializing in Chimney Swifts and other aerial insectivores, Swift Care Ontario was asked to take over their rehabilitation and eventual release in London, Ontario.
Chimney Swifts are a special and fragile bird. They are listed as an Endangered Species in Nova Scotia and as a Species At Risk in both Ontario and Quebec. Knowing this, Dr. Van Doninck, along with Carolyn Denstedt and Debbie Lefebre from Swift Care Ontario, were concerned about the time involved air lifting the birds from Nova Scotia to Southwestern Ontario. Any missed feedings and additional stress would only further compromise the young Chimney Swifts’ condition. It was agreed upon that the birds be transported to Le Nichoir Wild Bird Rehabilitation Centre in Hudson, Quebec, where Director Sue Wylie has great expertise raising Chimney Swifts.
An operation called Pilots n Paws Canada volunteered to fly the Chimney Swifts from Nova Scotia to Quebec, a 1200km flight lasting 4.5 hours. Murdo Messer, co-founder of Cobequid Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre, accompanied the birds ensuring they did not miss any feedings along the way. The young Swifts spent three weeks at Le Nichoir Wild Bird Rehabilitation Centre, and continued to receive the intensive care needed to compensate for their compromised start in life. While there, they were raised with a pair of Chimney Swifts already in the care of Le Nichoir.
Chimney Swifts are incapable of picking insects up of the ground. For this reason Swifts being rehabbed must be hand fed. Typically they are fed in an artificial chimney and readily gape while insects are presented. This feeding occurred in a car on route to London, Ontario so more handling was required to ensure no meal was missed.
Young Chimney Swifts raised in a rehabilitation environment require more time to become independent than those raised in the wild. As was the case in Nova Scotia, the local population of Chimney Swifts in Quebec was decreasing as the birds migrated south. It was then decided these Chimney Swifts be moved to Swift Care Ontario. Sue and Vee from Le Nichoir drove eight hours from Hudson, Quebec to London, Ontario on August 30, feeding them as necessary on route. The five Swifts (three from Nova Scotia and two from Quebec) were now in the care of Debbie, while two Common Nighthawks also transported from Quebec were put in the care of Carolyn, both from Swift Care Ontario. A chimney located at King’s College in London, Ontario, a release site used by Swift Care Ontario many times in the past, still had over over 600 Chimney Swifts roosting in it at night. This was the planned release site for these five Swifts when they were ready.
Chimney Swifts are transported in special soft mesh carriers ensuring no wing or feather damage is incurred in transit.
The two Chimney Swifts originating in Quebec were released on the evening of September 3 amongst the flock that occupied the chimney at King’s College. Unfortunately for the little trio from Nova Scotia, they were still not ready. Having their development stunted so early in life, they needed more time to gain weight, mature physically, and perfect the flight skills required to carry them more than 5000kms to their wintering grounds in the Amazon basin of South America.
The following week, the three young Chimney Swifts were now ready for release. It was at this time that another obstacle was thrown in front of them. The chimney occupied by so many Swifts just a few days earlier at King’s College had emptied, leaving Swift Care Ontario to search for a new location to release the Nova Scotia trio. Other chimneys in London, Ontario that historically contain large roosts of Chimney Swifts, located at the L & H Smith Fruit Company and South Secondary School, were scouted. Thanks to dedicated Swift watchers led by Nature London’s Winnie Wake, it was determined that the roost at South Secondary consisted of over 400 Chimney Swifts, making it the perfect release site. Debbie from Swift Care Ontario contacted school principal Catherine Davidson and let her know of their wishes to release the Chimney Swifts at the school. Principal Davidson and her custodial staff were more than accommodating in permitting access to school property after hours, as South Secondary prides themselves on being environmentally sound hosts for the Chimney Swifts that roost there each summer.
After five weeks of intensive care, thousands of kilometers traveled, countless hours hand feeding, and practice flights in the aviary, release day was finally here. Weather conditions were perfect as the sky was predominantly clear, and the third super moon of the year was set to rise later that evening. I met Carolyn and Debbie from Swift Care Ontario at 5:30pm at South Secondary School, with a planned release for shortly after six. Principal Davidson permitted us to go where needed in order for a successful release. It was Debbie and Carolyn’s plan to wait until some of the wild Chimney Swifts appeared and then release the Nova Scotia trio to fly up and join the group. It was anticipated that they would then circle around with the flock, grab a quick snack of insects, then descend into the chimney to roost for the night, as this is typically what happens during a Chimney Swift release.
6pm came and there were no wild Swifts to be seen. We patiently waited, talking amongst ourselves as I set up my camera gear to capture the release. More time passed and only a single wild Chimney Swift could be seen. The three Swifts to be released, still in their carrier, could hear the lone Swift high above and they began chattering back and forth. The wild Swift carried on overhead leaving the sky empty. Carolyn later spotted two Common Nighthawks passing by overhead but still no large number of Swifts. Could it be possible that this roost too had vacated in such a short period of time?
As time passed, only a lone wild Chimney Swift could be seen circling. We were left wondering where were the 400 from the previous night?
Shortly after 7pm, a few wild Chimney Swifts began to appear. Debbie deemed it time to open the enclosure, allowing the trio to fly up into the sky and join the group of wild birds circling overhead. Debbie unzipped the enclosure and one after the other the three Swifts shot straight up into the sky.
The smallest member of the Nova Scotia trio took slightly longer to reach the same altitude as its siblings. The sun reflecting off its leg band briefly distinguished it from the larger group.
The smallest of the three birds was slightly slower to reach the same altitude as its siblings, but after flying several feet, quickly banked and joined the other two. The lowering sun illuminated these birds beautifully as they circled the sky and the silver leg band on one of the birds from the Nova Scotia trio could be seen. Immediately 40-50 Swifts appeared from what seemed like nowhere. The large group circling overhead entertained us with their aerial displays and beautiful chatters. The Nova Scotia trio quickly became part of this larger group and were no longer distinguishable. As time passed the number of Swifts continued to grow. It wasn’t long until we realized the previous night’s count of 400 birds was quite accurate. The sky was now full of Swifts, circling and chattering. We continued to watch as light faded and the birds began to rapidly descend into the chimney. After several minutes the sky was empty of Chimney Swifts, although they could still be heard softly chattering from within the chimney.
The Nova Scotia trio had successfully entered the chimney with the group and were now safe for the night. With the first step in their journey complete, three Endangered Swifts had rejoined the wild population and the next chapter in their story beings. As we grabbed our things and proceeded to leave the area, the magnificent super moon rose above the trees capping off this amazing experience.
Rehabbing Chimney Swifts requires special care, patience, time, and determination. Chimney Swifts are aerial feeders flying with their beaks open, catching insects with their large mouths. In fact, their tiny beaks make picking insects up off the ground impossible. For this reason birds being rehabbed must be hand fed. Birds are hand fed every hour, beginning as early as 6am and continuing until early evening. Chimney Swifts bond with their caregiver and that individual must feed them every hour for 14-16 hours per day, which provides the required nourishment and mimics what Swifts would naturally do in the wild. The rehabbed Swifts are provided with an artificial chimney where the hourly feedings take place. This artificial chimney not only provides the birds a place to perch vertically, a position natural to them in the wild, it also hones their skills of flying in and out of a chimney to roost. This is key at release time, so the young Chimney Swifts will successfully follow the group into the chimney to roost.
I hope this sheds a little light onto the commitment and dedication wildlife rehabilitators have for saving a species, especially those at risk. Next time you are out birding and enjoying nature remember the great lengths people go to in order to maintain its beauty. You never know, a species you are observing might have a pretty amazing story like this one behind it.
Good birding,
Paul
Please note, this post was revised on 9/12/2014 9:45pm, as new facts regarding the removal of the Swifts from the nest have been presented.
The UTRCA Species At Risk Reptile Team has protected 175 Softshell Turtle nests and hopes to release 2000 young turtles like this one back into the Thames River this year.
As a nature lover, I am a huge fan of the Thames River that flows through London, Ontario. The river itself, and the various habitat along its banks, make it the perfect location to find birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles. Among these reptiles is the Spiny Softshell Turtle, a Species At Risk in Ontario. With their leathery shells and snorkel-like noses, these unique turtles are my favourite reptile residing in the Thames River. Spiny Softshell Turtles spend much of their time in the water, but can be observed basking on rocks and logs.
The newly released turtles quickly made their way into the water from this log they were placed on.
The Ontario Fish and Wildlife Protection Act currently protects these turtles from being harassed in any way. Failure to comply with this can result in large fines and even jail time. Although habitat loss is their biggest threat, other human activity such as poaching threatens this species. These turtles are known to be collected for the food and pet trade and also medicinal purposes. In an effort to reduce poaching, it is advised that specific locations of these turtles not be published on the internet. Both the Species at Risk Act and Endangered Species Act list the Spiny Softshell Turtle as threatened in Ontario. Any illegal activity regarding this or other threatened species should be reported to the Ministry Of Natural Resources 1-877-TIPS-MNR.
It was quite an incredible experience witnessing these Species At Risk being released. Thanks to Scott Gillingwater and the team for inviting me to come along.
The Upper Thames River Conservation Authority (UTRCA) led by Species at Risk Biologist Scott Gillingwater are doing incredible work in preserving this species in the Thames River watershed. Scott and his Species At Risk Reptile Team have protected 175 Softshell Turtle nests this year alone and are hopeful that 2000 young turtles will be returned to the Thames River. Some nests have been protected from predators such as raccoons by placing wire cages over them, other nests are carefully excavated and the eggs taken to the Species at Risk Reptile Team’s lab where they are placed in incubators and hatched there. Upon hatching the young turtles are measured, weighed and returned within days to the location where the eggs were removed from. It is here they are released back into the river. It is estimated that only 1% of unprotected turtle eggs will reach adulthood. The Species at Risk Reptile Team ensures the majority of eggs at least hatch, helping the Spiny Softshell Turtle overcome their first obstacle.
If you are exploring along the Thames River you may notice this species or efforts to protect it. Please respect both the turtles and hard work of the team. Remember tampering with a nest is considered harassment and charges can be laid.
The young turtles being released are about the size of a loonie; the females can grow to be more than 45cm in length.
The majority of this season’s protected eggs have already hatched and the young have been released into the river. I was recently invited by Scott Gillingwater out to see some of the recent hatchlings and tour the lab. As an avid fan of these turtles I jumped at the opportunity. Upon arriving at the UTRCA building I was greeted by Scott and introduced to Kaela and Krista, members of his team. All three of them were warm and inviting, and even though we had just met I felt like I had known them for years.
First, I was shown a group of recently hatched Spiny Softshell Turtles no bigger than a loonie that were ready to be released. The team educated me on everything about the turtles from habitat, to behaviour and how to distinguish between sexes. The incubators holding containers of eggs waiting to hatch were then explained. An interesting display of various turtle shells, skulls and other educational material that has been collected over the years was then presented. Scott, Kaela, and Krista’s passion for these turtles and what they do was evident as they spoke. This whole experience and the education I was given was truly fascinating and I am incredibly grateful for being invited to spend the morning with the team.
This particular turtle paused briefly on the surface before diving to the bottom of the river.
Next I was asked by Scott if I wanted to accompany him and the team on the release of the young turtles. I responded with a definite yes and was excited to witness these young turtles begin their journey in the Thames. I followed the team by truck to the location where the eggs had been collected earlier this year. The river was quite high after receiving 4 1/2 inches of rain during the previous week’s thunderstorms. The normal bank area was underwater and the river was flowing fast. Finding a place where our feet would stay dry wasn’t going to happen, so we waded through the flooded grasses that under normal water levels would have been dry. We remained a safe distance from the rushing river in an area that provided cover for the turtles in the form of a muddy bottom and plenty of vegetation.
I was able to photograph these turtles as the team placed them on a log surrounded by vegetation. Upon being released, the turtles quickly entered the water and disappeared towards the bottom. It was quite a thrill being permitted to release the last turtle as Scott snapped a picture. We carefully exited the area and left the turtles to begin their journey in the wild.
Scott Gillingwater has written an incredible book entitled “Stewardship Of The Spiny Softshell Turtle” that is loaded full of information about these and other turtles which I referenced for the purpose of this blog. Photographs of larger Spiny Softshell Turtles in the Thames River can be found in my earlier blog post Unique Reptiles Found in London, Ontario.
The Spiny Softshell Turtles quickly headed to the ample vegetation and muddy bottom for cover upon being released.
For more information on the Spiny Softshell Turtle and the Species at Risk Reptile Team visit the UTRCA website here. Funding for this project is critical to its success so private donations are always appreciated. Donations can easily be made online by clicking here. Be sure to like UTRCA on Facebook and follow them on Twitter.
Once again I would like to thank Scott, Kaela and Krista for the incredible work they do preserving this amazing species and for providing me with such an amazing experience.
