Spring Yard Cleanup, It’s For The Birds

Now that spring is upon us and warmer temperatures have finally arrived, many people are heading outdoors to begin their spring yard cleanup. Before you go cutting back and bagging everything that is not green, take a minute to think about the birds.

Spring is when birds begin nesting in our area, and many birds can now be observed rummaging through gardens looking for nest materials. If you are planning on doing some yard cleanup in the near future, consider leaving some materials for the birds. Dry leaves, grass, twigs, and flower stocks are all used by many songbirds to construct a nest. If you are wanting to clear out your garden to expose freshly emerging tulips and daffodils, these materials can be placed in a different area of your yard, where the birds can access them.

Watermark 1 51 - Spring Yard Cleanup, It's For The Birds — **Dead tree branches and stumps around your property will attract woodpeckers like this Northern Flicker and other cavity-nesting birds.**

If you have dead branches on your property, and it is safe to do so, leave these as well. Dead branches serve two purposes: they attract insects, which as a result will attract woodpeckers and other birds; they also provide nest sites for a variety of cavity-nesting birds.

Watermark 1 31 - Spring Yard Cleanup, It's For The Birds — **Black-capped Chickadee excavating a nest cavity in a dead willow tree.**

Many people only feed the birds during the winter months, taking their feeders down once spring arrives. Spring is an equally important time of year to feed the birds as there is not always an abundance of natural foods around. Most of the seeds and berries from last season have long since been consumed, while this year’s crop is months away. Birds returning from their wintering grounds have traveled thousands of kilometers in some cases, and need to replace spent energy.

Leaving your feeder up throughout the migration period will provide these birds with much-needed nourishment. I personally leave my feeders out year-round, because after the migration period, adult birds begin bringing their young to the feeders.

Watermark 1 71 - Spring Yard Cleanup, It's For The Birds — **Placing fruit around your yard is a great way to assist Robins and other non-seed eating birds while natural foods are scarce.**

Since several birds do not regularly accept seed offerings, fruit can be substituted. Robins and Cedar Waxwings can both benefit, especially on cooler days when insects are hard to come by, from fruit placed around your yard. Baltimore Orioles, when they return in a few weeks, will readily accept oranges cut in half or sliced. Make sure the fruit is fresh and has not gone moldy or spoiled.

Spring is a perfect time to make sure your feeders are clean. Washing your feeders regularly with warm water and an eco-friendly dish detergent will help ensure your backyard birds stay healthy by preventing disease. Use an old toothbrush to remove any feces, moldy, or stuck on seed. Rinse your feeder thoroughly and ensure it is completely dry before refilling.

Watermark 1 41 - Spring Yard Cleanup, It's For The Birds — **Leaves, twigs, and various yard materials are gathered by Northern Cardinals and other birds to build nests.**

Fresh water is equally important to birds. If you put your birdbath away last fall, it is time to get it out and fill it up. Clean water is essential, so be sure to change the water regularly. If you have a water feature or fountain in your yard, make sure the water is clean and the pump is running. Resident and migrating birds with both be looking to bathe and drink from the running water. In fact, water is a better attractor of birds than food is. If you don’t already have one, add a birdbath or other water source to your yard if you are wishing to attract more birds.

Watermark 1 62 - Spring Yard Cleanup, It's For The Birds — **Even with a seemingly slow start to spring birds, including the Red-winged Blackbird, are arriving on schedule.**

Despite a winter that seemed like it would never end, and a relatively slow start to spring, bird migration is on schedule. Many of the birds we expect to see by this time have returned. Blackbirds, American Robins, several sparrow species, and swallows have all been observed in our area. This past week I observed my first of year Eastern Phoebe and Hermit Thrush, both right on schedule. Over the next couple of weeks, we will see another big push of songbirds return to our area. Baltimore Orioles, Indigo Buntings, Rose-breasted Grosbeaks, and of course, the warblers will all be arriving. Will your yard be ready to welcome these birds with open arms?

Good birding,
Paul

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Tundra Swans Touch Down In Aylmer, Ontario

Each spring, thousands of Tundra Swans make their way from their wintering grounds on the Atlantic coast to their breeding grounds in the Arctic. Fortunately for area birders, Southwestern Ontario is situated en route and these birds are often observed across our area flying overhead, or on the ground feeding and resting in flooded farm fields. If seeing migrating Tundra Swans is on your spring birding to do list, than consider taking a trip to the Aylmer Wildlife Management Area.

Watermark 1 2 - Tundra Swans Touch Down In Aylmer, Ontario — Tundra Swans are constantly coming and going at the Aylmer Wildlife Management Area.

Aylmer Wildlife Management Area is probably the best place in Southwestern Ontario to view Tundra Swans. Each year, these birds notoriously stop here to rest and feed before carrying on with their long migration. Surrounded by farmland, and situated on two large ponds, the habitat at Aylmer Wildlife Management Area is perfect for attracting these large migrants. Four viewing stands overlook the ponds, providing birders with excellent views of the Tundra Swans. Morning feedings provide the birds with adequate nourishment to help them on their long journey north, as well as keep them close to the viewing stands.

Watermark 1 10 - Tundra Swans Touch Down In Aylmer, Ontario — I can’t say for certain, but I am willing to wager this started over a female.

On Wednesday I decided to take a trip to the Aymer Wildlife Management Area to see the Tundra Swans. Reports from the area had a count of 3000 Tundra Swans that morning, so I knew there would be plenty of Swans to see. Daily counts can be found on the website. According to the reports, there were also two blue morph Snow Geese, a Ross’s Goose, and five Cackling Geese present. This had me excited as I still needed a Ross’s Goose for my life list.

Watermark 1 11 - Tundra Swans Touch Down In Aylmer, Ontario — Tundra Swan heading for safer waters.

On the way to Aylmer, several small flocks of Tundra Swans were observed flying overhead, all in a northwest direction. These Swans perhaps were on their way to the Thedford bog, another popular location for where Swans layover. Upon exiting the car after arriving in Aylmer, the sound of the Tundra Swans took over. Several birds circled overhead, while thousands of others could be heard and seen covering the north pond. I made my way up onto the first elevated observation stand and quickly realized that the morning count of 3000 swans was no exaggeration.

Watermark 1 21 - Tundra Swans Touch Down In Aylmer, Ontario — This blue morph Snow Goose was among the waterfowl observed.

As I scanned the area with my binoculars, I quickly picked up the two blue morph Snow Geese on the grassy berm adjacent to the pond, feeding on corn. Further behind them, across the arm of the pond, was the lone Ross’s Goose. Happy to add this to my life list, I realized a better view would be had from stand number three. As I entered the stand, the Ross’s Goose was observed straight ahead. I scanned the pond and the surrounding land, but was unable to locate any of the Cackling Geese.

Watermark 1 8 - Tundra Swans Touch Down In Aylmer, Ontario — A lifer for me, a lone Ross’s Goose was observed at Aylmer Wildlife Management Area.

Despite the large ponds and the offerings of corn, there were not many ducks present on this day. In fact, there have not been many ducks reported yet this year from the area. A few pairs of Mallards could be seen around the pond, a pair of Northern Pintails, and a lone Ruddy Duck swam along the far shore of the pond. A Sandhill Crane was reported earlier in the week, but like the Cackling Geese, I was unable to locate it on this visit.

Watermark 1 6 - Tundra Swans Touch Down In Aylmer, Ontario — Blue morph Snow Geese, Canada Geese, and Tundra Swans resting after feeding heavily on corn.

Three of the four observations stands at Aylmer Wildlife Management Area are elevated, providing great views overlooking the ponds. The third stand is at ground level and is fully accessible for those that require the assistance of a mobility device. It is also fully enclosed in case of inclement weather.

Watermark 1 12 - Tundra Swans Touch Down In Aylmer, Ontario — Tundra Swan in flight.

For those who have never been to Aymer Wildlife Management Area before, I highly recommended it. Whether you are a birder or not, the sight of so many birds in one place is truly spectacular. Tundra Swan migration was delayed slightly this year due to the cooler temperatures, and lack of snow and ice melt. Migration is now in full swing, and will not last for too long. With warmer temperatures and south winds in the forecast, Tundra Swans will be on the move.

Watermark 1 13 - Tundra Swans Touch Down In Aylmer, Ontario — Close views of the Swans are obtained from any of the four viewing stands.

If you are looking for a fun family activity to do this Easter weekend, consider heading down to Aylmer and observing the Tundra Swans. Centrally located in Southwestern Ontario, Aylmer is a nice day trip from almost anywhere. For more information, including hours, feeding times, directions, and daily Swan counts, visit the Aylmer Wildlife Management Area’s website.

*Click on images in this post to view larger*

Good birding,
Paul

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Barn Swallows Will Soon Be Swarming
The Hive

Watermark 13 - Barn Swallows Will Soon Be Swarming <br> The Hive — The Hive, located in London Ontario, recently installed several Barn Swallow nest platforms around their property.

Currently listed as threatened on the Species at Risk list, Barn Swallows have suffered a population decrease of 65% in recent years. As is the case with all species that make it onto this list, habitat loss is one factor to blame. Barn Swallows prefer an open habitat including city parks, agricultural land, and bodies of water such as rivers, lakes and ponds. As cities grow and land is developed, these open expanses where Barn Swallows live are being destroyed.

Watermark 1 26 - Barn Swallows Will Soon Be Swarming <br> The Hive — This narrow drip edge under a soffit provides enough of a ledge for a Barn Swallow to construct its nest.

Barn Swallows construct their mud nests in a variety of locations, but prefer some type of ledge on a human made structure. Places where Barn Swallows nest include under bridges, eaves troughs, and on top of rafters or beams in sheds and garages. Modern buildings constructed of aluminum or galvanized steel are tightly sealed. This denies Barn Swallows access to their beams and rafters, drastically reducing the number of potential nest sites. If you are a landowner with Barn Swallows on your property, providing these birds with an alternative nesting option is something you can do to help reduce the further decline of this species.

Watermark 1 37 - Barn Swallows Will Soon Be Swarming <br> The Hive — Barn Swallows collect mud to construct their nests. The mud often contains grass and other debris found within the mud. The nests are then lined with grasses and feathers.

While attending BeeFest at The Hive in south London last summer, I noticed several Barn Swallows flying over the open fields of the property. Several of their small mud nests could be seen under the eaves troughs and overhangs of various buildings located on the property.

Watermark 1 53 - Barn Swallows Will Soon Be Swarming <br> The Hive — Barn Swallows, an aerial insectivore, prefer an open habitat that allows them to forage on insects.

Last week I contacted Jenna Goodhand, owner of The Hive, and asked if she would be interested in adding some nest platforms to the sides of the buildings to increase the number of locations where Barn Swallows could build their nests. Knowing the state of these threatened birds, Jenna was more than happy to help out. I was invited out to survey the area and collectively decide where the nest platforms would be best suited.

Watermark 1 48 - Barn Swallows Will Soon Be Swarming <br> The Hive — The overhang on this shed is an ideal location to mount a nest platform under. The narrow ledge of the platform will provide the perfect place for a Barn Swallow to construct its mud nest.

Barn Swallows will reuse the same nest each year, so buildings with sufficient overhangs and ledges and those with nests from last season attached were avoided. It was obvious that the birds were successful here and didn’t require our help. Our focus was on the buildings that had no nests attached. These buildings had great overhangs for nesting under, but lacked a small ledge or suitable surface for the Barn Swallows to attach a mud nest to. Our goal was to install the nest platforms on these buildings to provide more Barn Swallows and future generations of Barn Swallows adequate structures on which to build their nests in hopes of increasing their population. After determining adequate locations, several nest platforms were installed. Jenna and I will be monitoring these platforms throughout the year and I will be adding updates to my blog regarding their success once the birds have returned to the area.

Watermark 1 63 - Barn Swallows Will Soon Be Swarming <br> The Hive — Adding nest platforms to your buildings is something any land owner can do to help this fragile species.

These custom made Barn Swallows nest platforms differ from commercial nest platforms in that the ledge is only 2.5″ wide. This narrow ledge is wide enough for the Barn Swallows to construct their nest, but narrow enough to deter other birds that nest on platforms such as the American Robin or Mourning Dove. Barn Swallow nest platforms should be installed under an overhang on the side of a human made building such as a shed, garage or boathouse; not on a tree or fence post as is the case with nest boxes. Recommended mounting height for the platforms is 7-12 feet off the ground and 5 feet apart. Facing the platforms north or east will ensure they do not get too hot from the afternoon sun. As mentioned, Barn Swallows construct their nests from mud, so positioning the platforms near a garden, shoreline, or other mud source will add to their success.

14738812678 a6c686e392 b - Barn Swallows Will Soon Be Swarming <br> The Hive — Young Barn Swallows peering out of their nest.

If you have Barn Swallows on your property, consider adding nest platforms to your buildings to help this delicate species. Providing adequate habitat and sufficient nest sites are easy steps landowners can take to ensure the future of this species. For best results, platforms should be installed before the birds return, so act fast. Barn Swallows, an aerial insectivore, are great birds to have around as they naturally control insect populations. If adding nest platforms is something you are interested in, my previous post Barn Swallows Nest Platforms has more information, including more images and dimensions.

A special thanks to Jenna Goodhand of The Hive for doing her part to help save a Species at Risk. If you wish to follow along throughout the season, subscribe to my blog via email and have new posts including updates from The Hive sent right to your inbox.

Good birding,
Paul

Your Spring Garden Can Benefit Multiple Species At Risk

With spring less than one week away many people, myself included, are anxious to get back out in their gardens. Gardening for me isn’t just about having an aesthetically pleasing yard, it is about creating habitat for as many species as possible. In the eight years I have been in my current home I have transformed my yard from an area void of trees, shrubs, flowers and wildlife, to a natural area that is now filled with a variety of native flora and consequently visited by several species of bird, insect, and mammal.

IMG 4858 1 - Your Spring Garden Can Benefit Multiple Species At Risk — The genus Asclepias or Milkweeds are the only host plant for the Monarch Butterfly. No Milkweed means no Monarchs.

Adding Milkweed to my yard last year was an easy decision, as I wanted to do my part to help save the Monarch Butterfly. Monarch numbers have declined so drastically in recent years that they are now listed as a Species at Risk. Milkweed is critical to the survival of the Monarch Butterfly as it is the only plant consumed by Monarch caterpillars. Several Milkweeds are available, all of the genus Asclepias, which are host plants for this fragile butterfly. I chose Common Milkweed because it is native to my area, and has a wonderful fragrance when in bloom.

IMG 4885 1 - Your Spring Garden Can Benefit Multiple Species At Risk — Monarch Butterfly on a Common Milkweed leaf.

March is the perfect month to start growing Common Milkweed from seed indoors. By germinating seeds now, the small plants will be ready to plant outdoors in your garden after the threat of frost. For those of us in the London, Ontario area, it is recommended waiting until the Victoria Day weekend in May.

IMG 4853 1 - Your Spring Garden Can Benefit Multiple Species At Risk — Making a small donation to Swift Care Ontario in exchange for a package of Milkweed seeds for your garden is a great way for anyone to help save multiple Species at Risk.

If you wish to obtain Common Milkweed seeds so you can start your own plants indoors, and you wish to help more Species at Risk than just the Monarch Butterfly, a great option exists. Swift Care Ontario, a local, licensed wildlife rehabiltator has put together Common Milkweed seed packages that are available in exchange for a donation to their centre. Detailed instructions for germinating the seeds and transplanting can be found on their website. If you are not familiar with Swift Care Ontario, they specialize in rehabilitating injured and orphaned Species at Risk birds, most notably aerial insectivores, including Chimney Swifts, Common Nighthawks, Bank Swallows, Barn Swallows and Eastern Whip-Poor-Wills. These seed packages are available at local bird feed retailer Hyde Park Feed and Country Store or by contacting Swift Care Ontario. Your donation will help Swift Care Ontario purchase food and other supplies needed in the 2015 season to raise and care for these fragile species. Licensed wildlife rehabilitation centres in Ontario, such as Swift Care Ontario, do not receive funding from the government and rely solely on donations from the public. Not only will your donation help Swift Care Ontario preserve Species at Risk birds, your Milkweed garden will also help preserve Monarch Butterflies in your own backyard. Pick up one of these seed packages today and help save multiple Species at Risk.

Good birding,
Paul

Good Birding Report: London, Ontario
March 6-13, 2015

Watermark 1 43 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br> March 6-13, 2015 — Warmer temperatures this past week had several first of year species present across the city, including this Eastern Chipmunk.

The abundance of waterfowl present on the Thames River continues to be what area birders are drawn to and talking about. Thanks to this week’s warmer temperatures, most of the previously ice covered sections of river are now flowing. While this has resulted in a decrease in the concentration of ducks, the variety of species remains impressive. This week I added to my growing list of waterfowl observed this year on the Thames River with: a pair of Wood Ducks, a pair of American Wigeon, a lone Ring-necked Duck, and several American Coots. Although they are more spread out, all of the diving ducks mentioned in previous posts are still present.

Watermark 1 33 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br> March 6-13, 2015 — The variety of dabbling ducks increased on the Thames River this past week. Among the dabblers present are Northern Pintails.

A complete list of waterfowl I observed this past week is as follows:

American Black Duck
American Coot
American Wigeon
Female Common Goldeneye.
Bufflehead
Canada Goose
Canvasback
Common Goldeneye
Common Merganser
Greater Scaup
Harlequin Duck
Hooded Merganser
Lesser Scaup
Long-tailed Duck
Northern Pintail
Mallard
Red-breasted Merganser
Redhead
Ring-necked Duck
White-winged Scoter
Wood Duck

Watermark 1 51 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br> March 6-13, 2015 — Male Harlequin Duck in flight.

For birders along the Thames River, the Harlequin Duck continues to be the big attraction. Everyday as I walk the river, fellow birders can be heard asking each other if they have seen the duck. My last sighting of the Harlequin Duck was Thursday afternoon, upstream of the foot bridge to Thames Valley Golf Course. This bird slowly made his way upriver all week from where it spent so much time previously, downstream from the old pump house. Despite walking the entire stretch of river from the outflow at Greenway Park to the Sanatorium Road bridge on Friday, I was unsuccessful at locating the Harlequin Duck. The last report to eBird, at the time of writing this, had him present in front of the London Canoe Club late Thursday.

Watermark 1 23 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br> March 6-13, 2015 — American Coots are among the variety of waterfowl present on the Thames River.

With warm temperatures and south winds, I expected to see more migrants show up this past week. Although I did read reported sightings in our area, I was surprised not to personally observe any Red-winged Blackbirds or Common Grackles. We should see increased numbers of blackbirds in the coming weeks. While scanning the Thames River for waterfowl at the old pump house, I heard the distinct call of a Killdeer. Looking out over the water I observed the bird fly across and set down on the recently thawed sand bar on the far bank. Watching through binoculars, I could see the Killdeer foraging in the wet sand. I also observed my first Eastern Chipmunks of the year this past week, one in my backyard and two in Springbank Park.

Early spring is an excellent time to get out birding. With so many resident species, plus the overlapping of incoming and outgoing migrants, the variety of birds around at this time of year can be quite impressive. Also, the increased temperatures we are experiencing have made birding conditions more comfortable. Next week is March Break, a great time to get outdoors with kids and introduce them to nature. For those of you not heading south, get out and enjoy the remaining overwintering birds that can be found across the city, and those returning from their wintering grounds.

Good birding,
Paul

Time Is Running Out For Winter Birding

As the days become longer and spring approaches, many of the birds that have been overwintering across our region will begin their migration north. There are currently great opportunities in and around the city to view some incredible species, but with every passing day the window of opportunity narrows. The frigid temperatures are partially responsible for the incredible winter birding we have experienced this winter; not knowing what next winter will bring it is best to act now if there are certain birds you still wish to see.

For the second year in a row, Snowy Owls irrupted throughout Southwestern Ontario including many sightings around London, Ontario. Recent sightings from south of the city in the Manning Drive and Wellington Road area, as well as the Old Victoria Road and Wilton Grove Road area have been reported. This past week I decided to check the area Northwest of Strathroy, a popular wintering area for these Owls, and located two.

If you still need a Snowy Owl for your year or life list, and you are not planning a trip to the Arctic, than I suggest heading out in the next couple of weeks as these birds will be migrating north very soon. Rough-legged Hawks are another raptor to keep an eye out for while driving the back roads. Breeding in the Arctic Tundra and taiga these large birds of prey are only seen in Southwestern Ontario during winter months.

Watermark 1 61 - Time Is Running Out For Winter Birding — Although a year round resident in our area, the Horned Lark is more easily observed against a snow covered background.

While searching for Snowy Owls be sure to keep an eye out for Snow Buntings. These predominantly white birds can be observed at the side of roads and in the fields adjacent to them. Snow Buntings return to their Arctic breeding grounds in early April leaving little time to see them across Southwestern Ontario. Flocks of Horned Larks can also be observed in the same areas as Snow Buntings; these ground birds can be found year round across our area, but are much easier to locate during winter months when the ground is covered in snow.

51 - Time Is Running Out For Winter Birding — Common Redpolls are among the many species that will soon be leaving our area.

Small songbirds including finches like the Common Redpoll and Pine Siskin will soon migrate north. These birds can be seen at backyard feeders feeding on sunflower and nyjer seeds. If your feeders are not being visited by either of these species, I am still observing good numbers of these birds along the banks of the Thames River feeding on Alder catkins. Many overwintering sparrow species including: White-throated, White-crowned, American Tree, and the Dark-eyed Junco will soon be absent from the region as spring approaches.

Watermark 1 81 - Time Is Running Out For Winter Birding — Rare birds such as the Harlequin Duck overwintering on the Thames River potentially offer once in a lifetime views.

Those of you that subscribe to my blog, or follow me on Facebook and Twitter already know what an incredible winter it has been for waterfowl on the Thames River in London, Ontario. With 20 species of waterfowl reported, the banks of the Thames has been popular with birders this winter. Many birders have been walking the banks in search of the Harlequin Duck. This rare duck is only the second ever recorded in Middlesex County, with the last reported in 1968. If you have not yet experienced the beauty of a Harlequin Duck, than I recommend heading down to the river as soon as you can. The eastern population of this duck breeds across Northern Quebec, Labrador, or Southern Baffin Island and is yet another species that will soon be gone.

It is not just the Harlequin Duck that will disappear from the Thames River. Some of the 20 species of waterfowl that will be leaving our area in the near future include: Common Goldeneyes, Greater Scaup, Canvasbacks, and White-winged Scoters.

Watermark 1 9 - Time Is Running Out For Winter Birding — Common Goldeneyes and other diving ducks will soon be leaving the Thames River to return to their breeding grounds to our north.

If there is a species that you are wishing to see this winter, but are not sure where to locate them than consult the eBird species map. This map is a great tool for birders to locate any species around the world, and is easy to use. Simply enter the species you wish to locate, and the location in which you would like to observe it. To narrow your search, select the current year. The map will then display all reported sightings of that particular species. You can then zoom in to see the exact location of all reported sightings nearest you.

Watermark 1 11 - Time Is Running Out For Winter Birding — Irruptions do not typically happen every year. Take advantage of the few remaining weeks of winter to locate and observe some of the wonderful birds that are overwintering in our area.

One key factor that triggers bird migration is the amount of daylight. As the days get longer, overwintering birds will start making their way north to their breeding grounds. Many of these species will likely be leaving within the next couple of weeks. Our clocks go forward this weekend giving us an extra hour of daylight in the evenings to head out birding in search of some of these overwintering species. When it comes to Snowy Owls or the Harlequin Duck, take advantage of daylight savings and make a point to get out and observe these birds. There is no guarantee that these birds will return to our area next winter and present such incredible views.

Good birding,
Paul

Good Birding Report: London, Ontario
February 22- March 1, 2015

Watermark 1 3 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br> February 22- March 1, 2015 — Common Goldeneyes are one of the many species of waterfowl currently overwintering on the Thames River

February departs as the coldest one on record for London, Ontario, but with cold temperatures came great birding opportunities. Once again this winter the volume and variety of waterfowl on the Thames River has been simply spectacular.

This past week I personally observed sixteen species of waterfowl on the river between Springbank and Greenway Parks. The regular overwintering species are all present as well as increasing numbers of the less common visitors. Redheads, Canvasbacks, Long-tailed Ducks, and Red-breasted Mergansers can now be readily observed at various locations on this stretch of river. Among the new arrivals to the river this week were four White-winged Scoters at Greenway Park.

Watermark 1 7 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br> February 22- March 1, 2015 — Male Canvasback shaking the water off after resurfacing from a dive.

A complete list of the waterfowl observed this past week on the Thames River is as follows:

American Black Duck
Buffleheads are one of the smallest species of waterfowl overwintering on the Thames River.
Bufflehead
Canada Goose
Canvasback
Common Goldeneye
Common Merganser
Greater Scaup
Harlequin Duck
Hooded Merganser
Horned Grebe
Long-tailed Duck
Mallard
Red-breasted Merganser
Redhead
Red-necked Grebe
White-winged Scoter

Watermark 1 8 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br> February 22- March 1, 2015 — I watched this Red-breasted Merganser for several minutes as it struggled to swallow a small catfish.

The rare Harlequin Duck that was first reported on February 10 is still present at Springbank Park. According to local records, this is only the second ever Harlequin Duck recorded in Middlesex County with the last sighting in 1968. This really is a rare opportunity to observe one of these ducks close to home. If you haven’t located this bird yet, my last post Harlequin Duck Continues To Elude Some Area Birders offers suggestions on how to go about locating the Harlequin Duck.

Large, mixed flocks of Herring and Ring-billed Gulls were observed on the ice at Greenway Park. Present in this large flock were two Great Black-backed Gulls. Great Black-backed Gulls are the largest gull in the world and are easily identified by their black backs and white underparts. These Gulls are typically found to our northeast, with their year round range extending from Lake Ontario to the Atlantic Coast. Overwintering Great Black-backed Gulls can often be found along the Lake Erie shoreline; like so many other species this winter they have moved inland due to the increased ice coverage on the Great Lakes in search of food.

Watermark 1 5 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br> February 22- March 1, 2015 — From its perch in a Spruce tree, this Red-tailed Hawk patiently waits for prey to appear below.

Raptor activity along the river has been impressive too. Red-tailed Hawks are readily observed soaring high above, as well as lower down perched in trees. Several mammals including Eastern Grey Squirrels have a hard time moving about in deep snow. As a result, many Squirrels are spending a considerable amount of time in and around evergreen trees where the thick branches have prevented snow from reaching the ground. It is here where these mammals forage on the fallen seeds from various cones, as well as peanuts left by park goers.

Red-tailed Hawks are using this as a perfect feeding opportunity. I recently observed these raptors perched 10-15 feet off the ground in the dense cover of the spruce trees. When an unsuspecting squirrel ventured out from under the tree, the Red-tailed Hawk made a short drop onto its prey. These birds appear to be having a much better success rate with this approach than if they were to dive from high above. As a birder and photographer I do not bait birds of prey, and am not leaving peanuts under the trees for the squirrels in an effort to bait the hawks. Other raptors readily observed are Bald Eagles, Cooper’s and Sharp-shinned Hawks.

Watermark 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br> February 22- March 1, 2015 — The patchy white feathers on this American Robin indicate it is leucistic.

A large flock of American Robins were located in the west end of Springbank Park next to the dam. These birds could be observed feeding on the berries from the invasive Common Buckthorn tree. Contrary to what many believe, robins are not a sign of spring as Southwestern Ontario falls well within their year round range. Robins are simply less visible during winter months as there diet switches to fruit and berries, and these birds move around frequently in search of food. In years when fruit is less abundant, robins may migrate south. One of the robins in the flock observed was of interest as the white patches on its plumage indicated it was leucistic. Leucism is the loss of pigment which results in these white patches. It differs from albinism in that it is a reduction of multiple pigments not just melanin, and the eye colour is not effected.

Watermark 1 6 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br> February 22- March 1, 2015 — This past week saw an increase in the number of Redheads on the Thames River. These diving ducks feed on aquatic vegetation.

My birding adventures as of late have been limited to Springbank and Greenway Parks. With such a wide variety of birds and the plowed and well packed trails, I have seen little reason to bird anywhere else within the city. As temperatures warm and the snow melts, I look forward to exploring more of my favourite locations and reporting my findings from them.

The time left to view many of these incredible waterfowl species, including the rare Harlequin Duck, so close to home will fade as temperatures increase and spring approaches. Don’t leave it too late or you could miss a once in a lifetime opportunity. Layer up, grab your binoculars or scopes and head down to the Thames River. There is no such thing as a bad day birding along the river. I am quite certain that you too will be impressed with the variety and quantity of waterfowl present on the Thames.

Good birding,
Paul

Harlequin Duck Continues To Elude Some Area Birders

Since speaking with Wei Chen this past Monday on CBC’s Ontario Morning about the rare Harlequin Duck overwintering on the Thames River, I have received several emails from fellow birders looking for assistance in locating this bird. Let me start by saying that locating this bird is not as easy as many think. I have been fortunate to locate the male Harlequin Duck most days, but it has required quite a bit of leg work.

If you still need this bird for your life list and are hoping to find it at Springbank Park in London, Ontario I would like to offer a few suggestions based on my experiences. Begin your search at Storybook Gardens and walk the section of river between Springbank Dam and the old pump house. I personally have had the best luck locating the Harlequin Duck early to mid afternoon. Most days I chose the afternoon only because I wanted to wait for the temperatures to warm up, making walking more comfortable. On the few occasions I set out in the morning I was unsuccessful locating the Harlequin.

Watermark 1 23 - Harlequin Duck Continues To Elude Some Area Birders — The fast moving water west of the pump house is a favourite spot of the male Harlequin Duck. There is a lot of tree cover on the bank and this duck is often tight to it. A methodical search in this area is often rewarding.

Be sure to look very close to the near bank as the Harlequin is quite comfortable close to shore in areas where there is thick tree cover. The section of Thames River between the parking lot at Storybook Gardens and the old pump house has a lot of tree cover on the near bank, so take your time and look as closely to the bank as you can. I have had a lot of success locating the Harlequin in the fast moving water west of the pump house, only a few feet from the bank. In open areas, the Harlequin Duck is more likely to find security mixed in with the other waterfowl on the far side of the river. It is here where scanning with binoculars can reveal its location. I personally have not seen the Harlequin Duck upstream from the pump house, so once you reach this point I recommend turning around and heading back downstream.

Further west towards the dam I have repeatedly located the Harlequin Duck in tight to shore, where the the lower road curves and carries on to the dam. If you are not familiar with this location, to the south there is a building up on the hill with washrooms and another parking lot directly behind that. The tree cover on the bank here is especially thick, but a favourite location of the Harlequin Duck. This is the most westerly location in which I have seen the Harlequin; I have yet to see it as far downstream as the dam.

Watermark 1 34 - Harlequin Duck Continues To Elude Some Area Birders — On cloudy days the Harlequin Duck’s plumage camouflages well against the dark water. Here the male Harlequin slips past some Mallards and Canada Geese.

The Harlequin Duck has been associating with a small flock of Common Goldeneyes. Scanning these small flocks will often reveal the Harlequin. Pay attention to flying Goldeneyes too. The wing beats of the Common Goldeneye can be heard when taking off. Learn to recognize this sound and immediately look in the direction when you hear it. On several occasions I’ve observed the Harlequin Duck as the trailing bird in a group of Goldeneyes as they move up or down river.

Despite the Harlequin Duck’s colourful plumage, it appears quite dark from a distance. On cloudy days the dark, shadowed water provides excellent camouflage; looking for its white markings is critical. On sunny days, the slate blue feathers blend in with the bright blue water, making sightings challenging under these conditions as well. Again, the white markings on the head and back are what best gives away the Harlequin Duck’s location.

Watermark 1 42 - Harlequin Duck Continues To Elude Some Area Birders — The Harlequin is often seen associating with a group of Common Goldeneyes.

Locating the Harlequin Duck typically takes a fair bit of legwork. You may be one of the lucky ones who gets out of your car and there it is, but be prepared to spend a few hours searching. On days when more birders are searching for the Harlequin there are many people scanning the river and sharing their sightings, but the increase in foot traffic makes the Harlequin more wary. It is on these days I have found searching as close to shore as possible the most successful.

It looks like we are in for plenty of sunshine on Saturday, so I imagine Springbank Park will be quite busy again with birders hoping to add the endangered Harlequin Duck to their life lists. If you are one of them, keep these suggestions in mind while you search and I think your chances of success will be much greater.

Good birding,
Paul

Healthy Thames River Home To Abundance Of Waterfowl

Once again this winter, the Thames River is hosting a remarkable variety of waterfowl. With ice coverage on the Great Lakes exceeding 80%, ducks, geese, and grebes are migrating inland searching for open water. Several of these birds feed on a variety of aquatic life including: fish, molluscs, crustaceans, larvae, and even aquatic vegetation. For diving ducks and grebes, feeding takes place by diving below the surface and capturing prey with their bills. In order for these diving ducks to be successful, they must be able to reach the bottom to access snails, clams, and crayfish from beneath rocks and logs on the river bed.

Watermark 15 - Healthy Thames River Home To Abundance Of Waterfowl — Of the fifteen species of waterfowl currently overwintering on the Thames River, eight are deemed rare by eBird either by species or location. Redheads are one of the species deemed rare. Each winter we observe more Redheads on the river during winter months. Readheads are a diving duck that feed on aquatic vegetation.

The wide variety of waterfowl that have overwintered on the Thames River the past few years is a good indication of the improved overall health of the river. Since Springbank Dam became non-operational in 2008, the Thames River is slowly transforming back to its natural state. The most observable change is the natural reforestation occurring along the river banks. The increased vegetation in this riparian area is preventing bank erosion and reducing the number of harmful nutrients and pesticides that enter the river. Bank erosion leads to sedimentation which negatively impacts the health of the river bottom, where many of the tiny vertebrates and invertebrates that these ducks feed on live. High nutrient levels, such as phosphorus, create unhealthy algae blooms which again negatively impact the overall health of the river.

Watermark 16 - Healthy Thames River Home To Abundance Of Waterfowl — **Each winter Hooded Mergansers can be observed on the Thames River in London, Ontario. These small diving ducks can be observed feeding on small fish and in this case crayfish.**

When Springbank dam was operational, water was held back within the city from late May until early October each year. Damming the river promoted sedimentation, caused nutrients and bacteria to build up, and harmful algae to form. Too much algae is harmful as it reduces water quality and starves other organisms of oxygen. These factors are what led to the unsightly appearance and smell so many Londoners associated with the Thames.

Treated and untreated sewage continues to be released into the Thames River at various locations around the city, including Greenway Pollution Control Centre. Human and animal waste increases harmful bacteria levels, such as e-coli, which also negatively impacts water quality. Allowing the Thames River to flow freely, reduces the build-up of this bacteria within our city.

Watermark 17 - Healthy Thames River Home To Abundance Of Waterfowl — Another bird deemed rare for our location by eBird is the Greater Scaup. Once again this winter, scaup have been drawn to the open water of the Thames River, and the abundance of aquatic life that is paramount for them surviving the winter months.

By having a free-flowing river the past six years, levels of harmful bacteria, nutrients, sediment, and algae have all improved. These improvements are published in the Upper Thames River Conservation Authorities Watershed Report Cards. To some, these benefits are not visible by simply looking at the river. In fact, many Londoners believe the water level appears too low based on the Thames River’s previously unnatural dammed levels.

The improved water quality is evident by the increase and abundance of waterfowl overwintering on the Thames River each year. The improved water quality and reduction in sedimentation have created a much healthier river bottom. As a result, several small organisms that reside on the river bottom are thriving; ones that you and I can’t observe while walking along the river in one of our city parks. This abundant aquatic life is what keeps these many species of waterfowl present on the Thames River throughout the winter months. Without suitable water and adequate food supply, these ducks would continue their migration to the southern United States or the Atlantic coast.

Watermark 1 22 - Healthy Thames River Home To Abundance Of Waterfowl — This Harlequin Duck is listed as endangered in Canada. Maintaining and improving the health of the Thames River is something we need to take seriously in order for such species to survive. This rare Harlequin Duck is one of the many rare species currently overwintering on the Thames River.

Simply put, wildlife does not lie. The increase, abundance, and variety of all wildlife, not just waterfowl, present on the Thames River indicate a healthy and sustainable river. Water from the Thames River eventually reaches Lake Erie, where London draws a portion of its drinking water from. Keeping the river in its natural state will not only protect endangered species, like the Harlequin Duck, but it will also help protect the future of our drinking water. The natural reforestation that is occurring along the river banks improves the urban forest, and our air quality as well.

Perhaps we should take more time to observe the nature around us and use it to measure the health of our environment.

Good birding,
Paul

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Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario

For the second year in a row, the Thames River in London, Ontario has revealed a rare species of waterfowl. Last winter the Thames was briefly visited by two Red-throated Loons, the first two recorded in Middlesex County since 1898.

This winter, another unique visitor has made the Thames River his temporary home. The male Harlequin Duck is easily identified by his slate blue plumage, rusty red sides and white markings. Despite its brilliant colours, from a distance this duck appears quite dark and can be easily overlooked at a quick glance. Once observed, it is difficult to put into words just how beautiful this duck truly is.

Watermark 1 12 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — Male Harlequin Duck setting its wings after preening on the Thames River.

The Harlequin Duck’s breeding range extends from northern Quebec and Labrador to the southern portion of Baffin Island, while typically wintering off the Atlantic coast. According to the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, more than half of the eastern population of Harlequin Ducks winter in coastal Maine. Harlequin Ducks have been reported in previous years overwintering on the Great Lakes, with occasional sightings coming from Toronto, Burlington, and the Hamilton Harbour areas.

Birders from all over Southwestern Ontario are traveling to London in hopes of getting a glimpse of this rare duck. Over the past couple of weeks I have spoken with fellow birders from Stratford, Wallaceburg, Sarnia, and Waterloo.

Watermark 1 9 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — Birders are traveling hundreds of kilometers to London,Ontario in hopes of catching a glimpse of the rare Harlequin Duck.

Since it was first reported two weeks ago, the male Harlequin Duck has been observed daily at Springbank Park in London’s west end. If you are hoping to add this duck to your year or life list, than I recommend parking at Storybook Gardens and walking the section of river between Springbank Dam and the old pump house.

Follow the well packed trail in the snow paralleling the bank. While most areas are covered in knee deep snow, this trail is easy to navigate thanks to the heavy foot traffic of all the birders. Be sure to scan both the near and far banks of the river as this duck moves around frequently, and can be a challenge to locate through the dense brush lining the near bank.

Watermark 1 5 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — Winter provides excellent opportunities to view a wide variety of waterfowl on the Thames River. Here a male Redhead is captured flying downstream.

The Thames River in London, Ontario is a waterfowl enthusiasts dream. If you are reluctant to make the trip to London just to see the Harlequin Duck, there is plenty of other waterfowl to see. A complete list of waterfowl observed on the Thames River so far this winter is as follows:

American Black Duck
Common (pictured here), Red-breasted, and Hooded Mergansers can all be observed on the Thames River.
Bufflehead
Canada Goose
Canvasback
Common Goldeneye
Common Merganser
Greater Scaup
Harlequin Duck
Hooded Merganser
Horned Grebe
Long-tailed Duck
Mallard
Northern Pintail
Red-breasted Merganser
Redhead
Red-necked Grebe

As was the case last winter, the extremely cold temperatures have the Great Lakes freezing over, leaving diving ducks such as the Harlequin Duck migrating to inland rivers in search of open water. Open water is key to the survival of the Harlequin Duck, as they feed on a variety of aquatic life including: molluscs, crustaceans, fish, and other invertebrates. Harlequin Ducks dive below the surface and use their bills to capture prey from beneath rocks and along the river bottom.

Watermark 1 10 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — This male Long-tailed Duck was observed slightly downstream from the location where the Harlequin Duck has been frequenting.

Aside from the open water, there is another reason why I believe we are seeing an increase in waterfowl on the Thames River over the past several seasons. Springbank Dam has been non operational since 2008, drastically improving water quality and returning the river to its natural state. As a result, wildlife is thriving in the area. By not damming the river each spring, willows, alders, poplars, and birch trees are all rejuvenating an enlarged riparian zone, an area that with an operational dam would otherwise be underwater.

This naturally reforested riparian zone provides a buffer between humans and waterfowl, giving them a greater sense of security. Allowing the river to flow freely year round improves water quality by preventing algae and sediment from building up on the river bottom. This lack of sediment permits aquatic life to thrive including the crustaceans and invertebrates that many of these diving ducks, including the Harlequin, feed on. An abundance of food, translates to an abundance of ducks. For more on how the Thames River is benefiting without the dam, read my blog post Thames River Much Healthier Without Springbank Dam.

Watermark 13 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — Horned Grebes are among the waterfowl currently observed on the Thames River at Springbank Park.

When searching for the Harlequin Duck, or other northern waterfowl species on the Thames River, move slowly and quietly up and down the bank. These birds are not as accustomed to humans as the Mallards and Canada Geese are, and can be easily startled. Avoid sudden movements; when searching with binoculars or taking a picture, raise your camera or binoculars slowly to your face. When you do locate the bird and are pointing it out for someone else, raise your arm slowly. Be aware of any noise you may be making, whether crunching snow under your feet or the sound of your clothing brushing against tree branches. These ducks will fly at the slightest movement or unfamiliar sound.

Watermark 1 13 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — Female Common Goldeneye.

Watermark 1 14 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — The Harlequin Duck on the Thames River has been associating with a small group of Common Goldeneyes. Be sure to look closely at groups of Goldeneyes when searching for the Harlequin Duck.

Remember to be respectful out there, both of the birds and of other birders. I have been really impressed so far with everyone I’ve seen searching the river for this beautiful duck. No one has attempted to get too close, and all of the birders are working together and assisting others who have not yet observed the Harlequin Duck.

If you get the opportunity this weekend, head down to Springbank Park and get a look at this beautiful Harlequin Duck and all of the other wonderful species overwintering on the Thames River.

*Click on the images in this post to view them larger*

Good birding,
Paul

Update February 27, 2015: The Harlequin Duck Continues To Elude Some Area Birders, here are some suggestions on how to best locate this rare duck.