Rare Harlequin Duck A Pleasant Surprise On The Thames River

It started as a typical day. I was at my desk at 5 a.m. with a cup of coffee ready to put in a few hours of work before the sun came up. With the sun rising, I decided to take a break for breakfast. As I sat eating my oatmeal I could see it was going to be a nice day with a predominantly clear sky. Having not experienced many sunny days of late I was excited to get outside for a walk with my camera. After a quick shower and donning some warm clothes I grabbed my camera, leashed Molly (my 75lb Bouvier mix and best birding buddy), and headed out the door.

IMG 0680 Edit - Rare Harlequin Duck A Pleasant Surprise On The Thames River — **The white cheek spot of this Harlequin Duck caught my eye as it dove repeatedly in the fast water.**

We were off for a walk along a section of the Thames River where there are always plenty of birds present. This is an area I recently started birding and have had great success at. I was hoping to get some shots of the Bald Eagles I often observe in the area. I’ve photographed eagles a lot here over the past few months but I was eager to get some shots of these majestic birds against the blue sky.

IMG 0780 Edit - Rare Harlequin Duck A Pleasant Surprise On The Thames River — **I found this lone Harlequin Duck associating with a small group of Mallards.**

Having walked around for about an hour I had tallied a nice mix of birds and captured a few photos I was happy with. Cardinals, Cedar Waxwings, Carolina Wrens, as well as several woodpecker and sparrow species were among the birds observed. I had seen one juvenile Bald Eagle perched in a tree as well as flying up and down the river but didn’t capture the image I was hoping for.

IMG 0738 Edit - Rare Harlequin Duck A Pleasant Surprise On The Thames River — **After watching the Harlequin Duck feeding in the middle of the river it swam over to the near bank and began to preen.**

Deciding I should probably get home and back to work Molly and I picked up our pace. Walking by a section of fast-moving water a duck diving in the rapids caught my eye. As I watched the bird dive and surface repeatedly I noticed it had a white spot on its cheek. Could it be? I raised my camera and zoomed in for a closer look. It was in fact a Harlequin Duck.

IMG 0909 Edit - Rare Harlequin Duck A Pleasant Surprise On The Thames River — **The faint white body stripes and chestnut flanks indicate this is a male Harlequin Duck.**

The eastern population of Harlequin Ducks is listed as endangered and overwinters on the Atlantic Coast making them extremely rare in our area. In fact, this is only the third time I’ve ever seen this species in London. Back in 2015, birders flocked to the banks of the Thames River trying to get a glimpse of a Harlequin Duck that spent several weeks on the river. That bird made headlines in the London Free Press and I was even interviewed by Wei Chen of CBC radio about my experience observing the rare bird.

IMG 0809 Edit - Rare Harlequin Duck A Pleasant Surprise On The Thames River — **First-year male Harlequin Duck found on the Thames River.**

The Harlequin Duck I found on this day wasn’t a vibrant male like the one of 2015, but rather a less colourful first-year male. At first, this bird resembled a female Harlequin but upon closer look, it faintly displayed the white stripes and chestnut flanks indicative of a first-year male.

IMG 0985 Edit - Rare Harlequin Duck A Pleasant Surprise On The Thames River — **Harlequin Duck surfacing after a dive.**

Moving slowly along the bank I got into a position where I could photograph this Harlequin Duck. It seemed a little skittish at first but with Molly leashed and keeping her behind my crouched body it quickly realized we were not a threat. As I watched intently, the Harlequin Duck which was associating with a small group of Mallards proceeded to feed and preen unperturbed by our presence. After capturing several images and a few videos of this rare duck, we backed away slowly and left it to go about its business.

IMG 1333 - Rare Harlequin Duck A Pleasant Surprise On The Thames River — **Harlequin Duck preening with a pair of Mallards.**

Over the years, I’ve become reluctant to give out specific locations of rare birds. With so many social media groups and other on-line avenues for reporting rare sightings these birds often become subjected to harassment by birders and photographers wanting to get a look. Too often I see the best interest of the bird as well as the habitat in which they live not being respected and therefore I no longer share locations of rare sightings. Furthermore, with COVID-19 cases raging out of control in Ontario publically sharing this or any rare bird’s location only encourages non-essential travel as photographers and birders are bound to flock to the area in an effort to get a photo or add the bird to their lists.

IMG 1042 Edit - Rare Harlequin Duck A Pleasant Surprise On The Thames River — **What started as a typical day quickly became out of the ordinary when I found this Harlequin Duck on the Thames River.**

With any luck at all this Halequin Duck will remain in the area as it seemed to be finding plenty of food and the rapids where I found it was prime Harlequin habitat. If you are out walking along the river in the city of London keep your eyes peeled for this rare duck.

Good birding,
Paul

*Watch my latest episode of Explore The Wild to see videos of this Harlequin Duck.*

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Returning To Greenway Park After A Lengthy Hiatus From Photography

Winter is one of my favourite seasons to head out birding and photograph the many species found throughout our area at this time of year. Unfortunately, with winter now half over, I have only ventured out a few times with my camera. It’s not that I’ve lost interest in photography, I have been dealing with some persistent back issues that have made walking quite painful.

Those of you who know me personally are aware that it was because of a back injury I became so interested in photography. Back in 2013 after herniating a disk in my lower back I was told if I walked every day and did physiotherapy the issue would likely resolve in 4-6 weeks. At that time, I spent every day walking with my camera and taking pictures. Each afternoon after doing my exercises I would lay flat on either heat or ice (whichever felt best at the time) and watch YouTube videos about the various elements of photography. The following day I would try to improve on these elements during my walk.

IMG 2940 Edit Edit - Returning To Greenway Park After A Lengthy Hiatus From Photography — **Northern Cardinal eating a Buckthorn berry.**

This regimen really helped improve my photography but when it came to my back I had plateaued and surgery was required. Following a successful surgery, I was encouraged to keep walking and exercising to maintain a healthy back. This is one reason why I am now such an avid walker. Walking keeps me active and relatively pain-free. Without it, my pain goes up and my mood goes down, so getting out for a walk every day is very important to me. The combination of physical exercise and being surrounded by nature is incredibly beneficial to my mental health as well. I typically take my camera with me on these daily walks to capture the abundance of wildife I encounter along the way.

Last November, this all changed when walking started to become painful. As a result, my walks have been much shorter, slower, and I have been leaving my camera behind as I have not wanted to carry the extra weight. This is why the lack of blog posts recently and so few Facebook updates. I appreciate everyone who has continued to follow during this hiatus and welcome the new subscribers who have been patiently waiting for a post to show up in their inboxes. More x-rays and another MRI helped my physiotherapist come up with a plan of attack, which resulted in new exercises as well as some old favourites, which to my delight, has me feeling much improved. I decided it was time to bundle up and head out with camera in tow to see what I could photograph.

IMG 2547 - Returning To Greenway Park After A Lengthy Hiatus From Photography — **Greenway Park is one of the best locations in London, Ontario to observe Bald Eagles during the winter months.**

Wanting to ease myself back into things, I decided to visit Greenway Park, one of my absolute favourite winter birding locations. The flat ground combined with a lack of snow and ice (the City of London does an amazing job keeping the paved path plowed and salted) would make for easy walking and the adjacent Thames River and surrounding woodlots provides the perfect habitat for a variety of bird species.

IMG 2759 Edit Edit - Returning To Greenway Park After A Lengthy Hiatus From Photography — **Brown Creepers display some of the most incredible camouflage of any bird.**

After parking my car and gathering my gear, I followed the river upstream. As usual, there were plenty of Mallards and Canada Geese in the river around the dock hoping to be fed by park goers. Two Muscovy Ducks sat on a fallen log close to the bank nicely sheltered from the cold wind. I could hear the high pitched calls of a Brown Creeper so scanned the nearby Willow Tree. The bird briefly came into sight, but I was unable to get a photo. Luckily, Brown Creepers are very predictable. If you are not familiar with the behaviour of a Brown Creeper they cling to tree trunks similar to woodpeckers and nuthatches looking for food. After ascending the trunk they then fly to the bottom of the next tree and repeat the process. This makes them easy to photograph once located and as result I was able to position myself for a series of shots.

IMG 2600 Edit 2 Edit - Returning To Greenway Park After A Lengthy Hiatus From Photography — **The odd field marks on this goose left me scratching my head when it came to identification.**

Making my way past the westernmost soccer field, I noticed a goose with some interesting field marks. The bird’s white cheek patch was larger than that of a Canada Goose and its head and neck were mottled brown and white not black. The body resembled a Canada Goose but the bird had orange legs. A prior report on eBird suggested this goose may be a hybrid between a Canada Goose and a Swan Goose, which seems reasonable based on its appearance. Swan Geese are native to Mongolia and China but have been domesticated in North America. I can’t say definitively what this was, other than an interesting sighting for sure.

IMG 2888 Edit Edit 2 - Returning To Greenway Park After A Lengthy Hiatus From Photography — **Red-tailed Hawk perched on a platform installed to attract nesting Osprey.**

Near the small island just downstream from the CN overpass, a single Long-tailed Duck swam amongst a group of Common Mergansers. Common Goldeneyes were also present. These ducks were all a little too far away to achieve a quality image. At the far end of the park, a Red-tailed Hawk surveyed the open meadow from high atop a platform the city erected in hopes of attracting a nesting pair of Osprey.

Heading west back towards my car, a Bald Eagle made its way upstream. I quickly turned my camera’s dial to adjust the exposure to compensate for the heavy cloud cover. Achieving focus, I held down the shutter and captured several images.

IMG 2681 Edit Edit - Returning To Greenway Park After A Lengthy Hiatus From Photography — **American Robins are often observed during the winter months along the Thames River.**

Buckthorn Trees line a section of riverbank in the park and as a result, it is not uncommon to find American Robins here in winter feeding on any remaining berries. In one small tree, I counted seven robins. As I walked past, I could barely hear their soft calls. During the winter months, robins are much less vocal than in spring when they are regularly heard calling quite loudly at first and last light. Northern Cardinals were also observed in the park feeding on Buckthorn berries.

IMG 3145 Edit Edit - Returning To Greenway Park After A Lengthy Hiatus From Photography

IMG 3147 Edit Edit - Returning To Greenway Park After A Lengthy Hiatus From Photography — **Great Blue Heron attempting to swallow a large fish.**

Most of the waterfowl on this day were close to the near bank as this provided shelter from the wind. Looking over the edge into the water, I noticed a Double-crested Cormorant standing at the water’s edge. Three Great Blue Herons were also observed along the near bank one of which was struggling to swallow a large fish. I estimate this fish to be about 20″ long and watched for several minutes as the heron made repeated futile attempts at swallowing its prey. Eventually, the heron gave up and dropped the fish. I could see the fish’s white belly on the bottom of the river just in front of the heron. Not wanting to interrupt this bird from a potential meal on a cold day, I carried on.

IMG 3246 Edit Edit - Returning To Greenway Park After A Lengthy Hiatus From Photography — **White-tailed Buck at the top of the ridge overlooking Greenway Park.**

Before reaching my car, a young White-tailed Buck made its way into the woodlot behind the parking lot. As it climbed the ridge entering Woodland Cemetery it paused long enough for a few photos.

IMG 2775 Edit Edit - Returning To Greenway Park After A Lengthy Hiatus From Photography — **Brown Creeper**

After such a long hiatus from shooting it was absolutely amazing to be back out with my camera at one of my favourite locations. Greenway Park did not disappoint (it never does)! Much of the wildlife in Greenway Park is accustomed to human activity so a long telephoto lens is not necessary to capture images of many of these species. Before upgrading my lens, I was quite proud of the images I achieved with a 250 mm kit lens while birding at this amazing park. If you get the opportunity this winter, head down to Greenway Park and enjoy the vast array of wildlife that inhabits this great park.

Good birding,
Paul

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Common Loon On The Thames River In Springbank Park

Today started the same way many of my Sundays do, with a call from my Dad. Most weekends, my Dad and I try to meet for a walk somewhere and enjoy the various sights and sounds of nature while we catch up on each other’s week. This morning we decided on walking along the Thames River in Springbank Park. Those of you that have followed my blog for a while will know that this is one of my favourite locations to bird during the winter months. With an abundance of waterfowl, songbirds, and birds of prey, there is always something to see.

Our walk started out with us observing many of the usual species including Mallards, Canada Geese and a few American Black Ducks. Among the diving ducks present were small numbers of Common Goldeneye, Hooded Merganser, and Common Merganser. Some of the more abundant songbirds present were Northern Cardinals, Black-capped Chickadees, and a large flock of American Robins calling from the trees along the near bank of the river. Many of these birds could also be observed foraging on the ground in area where melting snow was running down the bank into the river. A lone Red-tailed Hawk was observed as it left its perch from high in a tree and soared out over the river.

All in all it was a pretty typical walk for us along the Thames River with a nice variety of birds, ones that we would expect to see at this time of year. As we made our way further through the park, just upstream from the old pump house, a large bird in the middle of the river caught my eye. After stopping to take a closer look, I could identify the bird as a Common Loon in winter plumage. This bird sat motionless as we watched it for several minutes. The whole time we watched, it never dove, and spent periods of time with its head under its wing.

Common Loons typically overwinter along the Atlantic Seaboard, with some birds overwintering on the Great Lakes, This is not a bird we would regularly see inland on the Thames River at this time of year. Common Loons; however, are known to make brief stops on inland bodies of water in our area during migration, so this particular bird may be late making its way south or early making its way north. Another possibility is that with the cold weather this past week, the area in which this Common Loon came from may have recently iced up.

I don’t imagine this bird will remain in the area for very long, so if you are interested in viewing it, I would try to get to the river as soon as you can. The closest access to this bird is from the park’s easternmost parking lot (the one nearest Wonderland Road). From the parking lot there is a set of stairs leading to the pathway adjacent the river. These stairs are not maintained during winter months, so exercise caution if using them. After reaching the path, walk slightly downstream towards the old pump house. When I left the park, this bird was still visible at this location in the middle of the river.

Good birding,
Paul

Once Again Harlequin Ducks Make An Appearance On The Thames River

For the second year in a row, Harlequin Ducks have been reported on the Thames River in London Ontario. Last year a single male bird was observed, whereas this this year a trio of these ducks, two males and one female, have been seen on the river. Harlequin Ducks are rare to our area, as over half of the eastern population of these diving ducks overwinter on the Atlantic coast.

These Harlequins were first reported two weeks ago at Springbank Park. Since then, I have spent a considerable amount of time in the area trying to locate these birds. After an unsuccessful first week, I was finally treated to excellent views of the Harlequin Ducks last Sunday, in the stretch of river downstream from the Springbank Dam.

With the unseasonably warm temperatures, a significant amount of runoff has entered the river as the snow melts. This, combined with recent rain, has water levels on the Thames River unusually high for this time of year. As a result, many of the rapids in this section of river are currently under a significant amount of water, altering this preferred habitat of the Harlequin and making locating these birds more challenging.

harl2 - Once Again Harlequin Ducks Make An Appearance On The Thames River — **The near bank provided an adequate current break for the three Harlequin Ducks, allowing me to view them from close range**.

On a visit to Springbank Park with my Dad last weekend, we located the Harlequin Ducks downstream from the dam near the small island in the centre of the river. The ducks were roughly three quarters of the way across the river, drifting downstream quickly with the fast current. We watched as the group of Harlequins made their way across the river through the island, which was predominately underwater, and settled in against the near bank directly in front of us. The ducks appeared to be content using a slight jut in the near bank as a current break and were impervious to our presence. Seeing the three Harlequin Ducks at such a close range was quite exiting as last year’s bird typically stayed to the middle or far side of the river. After taking several several photos, my Dad and I carried on with our walk heading to the west end of the park.

harl3 - Once Again Harlequin Ducks Make An Appearance On The Thames River — **Harlequin Ducks swimming along the near bank.**

On our way back, we watched for the Harlequins in the same stretch of river as we had seen them only minutes earlier. Strangely, we were unable to locate the birds. After carrying on a little further, we noticed the Harlequin Ducks swimming in a line lead by one of the males now slightly upstream from the dam. Not making much headway in the strong current, the three ducks then drifted back through the dam and came to rest once again along the near bank. From here I managed a few more photos as the birds slowly drifted downstream.

I have been out a few times since, and unfortunately have not been able to relocate the three Harlequin Ducks. To my knowledge these birds have only been reported twice, once on February 15 and then again by myself on February 21. With the high water, these birds may not be in the typical areas that we would expect to find Harlequin Ducks, as increased water is flowing over the rapids making these preferred areas almost nonexistent.

harl 4 - Once Again Harlequin Ducks Make An Appearance On The Thames River — **Harlequin Ducks**

If you are heading out this weekend in search of the Harlequin Ducks, be sure to pay close attention to any rapids that you encounter along the river. Keep a close eye for any exposed rocks that may provide a current break or area where these ducks can exit the river. Having said that, don’t discount other types of current breaks including: flooded trees, fallen logs, islands, or bends in the river. With the high water, many of the overwintering diving ducks are associating to these particular areas. Remember too that the Thames is a large river and with such a mild winter to date, there is significantly more open water than in previous years; these ducks could be almost anywhere up or downstream.

bald - Once Again Harlequin Ducks Make An Appearance On The Thames River — **Bald Eagles are among the many birds of prey observed along the Thames River**.

Even if you are unsuccessful locating the Harlequin Ducks, there is always plenty to see along the Thames River. Bald Eagles make regular passes up and down the river and often perch in the tall trees that line the banks. A wide variety of waterfowl is also present, albeit spread out due to the high water. Songbirds are always plentiful along the shrubby, tree-lined banks.

I’m sure many birders will be out again this weekend in search of the rare Harlequin Ducks and other overwintering waterfowl on the Thames River. It has been great seeing and talking with so many of my blog followers along the river over the past few weeks. If you do happen to see me, please stop and say hello. I am always happy to share my observations with fellow birders along the way.

Good birding,
Paul

Harlequin Duck Continues To Elude Some Area Birders

Since speaking with Wei Chen this past Monday on CBC’s Ontario Morning about the rare Harlequin Duck overwintering on the Thames River, I have received several emails from fellow birders looking for assistance in locating this bird. Let me start by saying that locating this bird is not as easy as many think. I have been fortunate to locate the male Harlequin Duck most days, but it has required quite a bit of leg work.

If you still need this bird for your life list and are hoping to find it at Springbank Park in London, Ontario I would like to offer a few suggestions based on my experiences. Begin your search at Storybook Gardens and walk the section of river between Springbank Dam and the old pump house. I personally have had the best luck locating the Harlequin Duck early to mid afternoon. Most days I chose the afternoon only because I wanted to wait for the temperatures to warm up, making walking more comfortable. On the few occasions I set out in the morning I was unsuccessful locating the Harlequin.

Watermark 1 23 - Harlequin Duck Continues To Elude Some Area Birders — The fast moving water west of the pump house is a favourite spot of the male Harlequin Duck. There is a lot of tree cover on the bank and this duck is often tight to it. A methodical search in this area is often rewarding.

Be sure to look very close to the near bank as the Harlequin is quite comfortable close to shore in areas where there is thick tree cover. The section of Thames River between the parking lot at Storybook Gardens and the old pump house has a lot of tree cover on the near bank, so take your time and look as closely to the bank as you can. I have had a lot of success locating the Harlequin in the fast moving water west of the pump house, only a few feet from the bank. In open areas, the Harlequin Duck is more likely to find security mixed in with the other waterfowl on the far side of the river. It is here where scanning with binoculars can reveal its location. I personally have not seen the Harlequin Duck upstream from the pump house, so once you reach this point I recommend turning around and heading back downstream.

Further west towards the dam I have repeatedly located the Harlequin Duck in tight to shore, where the the lower road curves and carries on to the dam. If you are not familiar with this location, to the south there is a building up on the hill with washrooms and another parking lot directly behind that. The tree cover on the bank here is especially thick, but a favourite location of the Harlequin Duck. This is the most westerly location in which I have seen the Harlequin; I have yet to see it as far downstream as the dam.

Watermark 1 34 - Harlequin Duck Continues To Elude Some Area Birders — On cloudy days the Harlequin Duck’s plumage camouflages well against the dark water. Here the male Harlequin slips past some Mallards and Canada Geese.

The Harlequin Duck has been associating with a small flock of Common Goldeneyes. Scanning these small flocks will often reveal the Harlequin. Pay attention to flying Goldeneyes too. The wing beats of the Common Goldeneye can be heard when taking off. Learn to recognize this sound and immediately look in the direction when you hear it. On several occasions I’ve observed the Harlequin Duck as the trailing bird in a group of Goldeneyes as they move up or down river.

Despite the Harlequin Duck’s colourful plumage, it appears quite dark from a distance. On cloudy days the dark, shadowed water provides excellent camouflage; looking for its white markings is critical. On sunny days, the slate blue feathers blend in with the bright blue water, making sightings challenging under these conditions as well. Again, the white markings on the head and back are what best gives away the Harlequin Duck’s location.

Watermark 1 42 - Harlequin Duck Continues To Elude Some Area Birders — The Harlequin is often seen associating with a group of Common Goldeneyes.

Locating the Harlequin Duck typically takes a fair bit of legwork. You may be one of the lucky ones who gets out of your car and there it is, but be prepared to spend a few hours searching. On days when more birders are searching for the Harlequin there are many people scanning the river and sharing their sightings, but the increase in foot traffic makes the Harlequin more wary. It is on these days I have found searching as close to shore as possible the most successful.

It looks like we are in for plenty of sunshine on Saturday, so I imagine Springbank Park will be quite busy again with birders hoping to add the endangered Harlequin Duck to their life lists. If you are one of them, keep these suggestions in mind while you search and I think your chances of success will be much greater.

Good birding,
Paul

Healthy Thames River Home To Abundance Of Waterfowl

Once again this winter, the Thames River is hosting a remarkable variety of waterfowl. With ice coverage on the Great Lakes exceeding 80%, ducks, geese, and grebes are migrating inland searching for open water. Several of these birds feed on a variety of aquatic life including: fish, molluscs, crustaceans, larvae, and even aquatic vegetation. For diving ducks and grebes, feeding takes place by diving below the surface and capturing prey with their bills. In order for these diving ducks to be successful, they must be able to reach the bottom to access snails, clams, and crayfish from beneath rocks and logs on the river bed.

Watermark 15 - Healthy Thames River Home To Abundance Of Waterfowl — Of the fifteen species of waterfowl currently overwintering on the Thames River, eight are deemed rare by eBird either by species or location. Redheads are one of the species deemed rare. Each winter we observe more Redheads on the river during winter months. Readheads are a diving duck that feed on aquatic vegetation.

The wide variety of waterfowl that have overwintered on the Thames River the past few years is a good indication of the improved overall health of the river. Since Springbank Dam became non-operational in 2008, the Thames River is slowly transforming back to its natural state. The most observable change is the natural reforestation occurring along the river banks. The increased vegetation in this riparian area is preventing bank erosion and reducing the number of harmful nutrients and pesticides that enter the river. Bank erosion leads to sedimentation which negatively impacts the health of the river bottom, where many of the tiny vertebrates and invertebrates that these ducks feed on live. High nutrient levels, such as phosphorus, create unhealthy algae blooms which again negatively impact the overall health of the river.

Watermark 16 - Healthy Thames River Home To Abundance Of Waterfowl — **Each winter Hooded Mergansers can be observed on the Thames River in London, Ontario. These small diving ducks can be observed feeding on small fish and in this case crayfish.**

When Springbank dam was operational, water was held back within the city from late May until early October each year. Damming the river promoted sedimentation, caused nutrients and bacteria to build up, and harmful algae to form. Too much algae is harmful as it reduces water quality and starves other organisms of oxygen. These factors are what led to the unsightly appearance and smell so many Londoners associated with the Thames.

Treated and untreated sewage continues to be released into the Thames River at various locations around the city, including Greenway Pollution Control Centre. Human and animal waste increases harmful bacteria levels, such as e-coli, which also negatively impacts water quality. Allowing the Thames River to flow freely, reduces the build-up of this bacteria within our city.

Watermark 17 - Healthy Thames River Home To Abundance Of Waterfowl — Another bird deemed rare for our location by eBird is the Greater Scaup. Once again this winter, scaup have been drawn to the open water of the Thames River, and the abundance of aquatic life that is paramount for them surviving the winter months.

By having a free-flowing river the past six years, levels of harmful bacteria, nutrients, sediment, and algae have all improved. These improvements are published in the Upper Thames River Conservation Authorities Watershed Report Cards. To some, these benefits are not visible by simply looking at the river. In fact, many Londoners believe the water level appears too low based on the Thames River’s previously unnatural dammed levels.

The improved water quality is evident by the increase and abundance of waterfowl overwintering on the Thames River each year. The improved water quality and reduction in sedimentation have created a much healthier river bottom. As a result, several small organisms that reside on the river bottom are thriving; ones that you and I can’t observe while walking along the river in one of our city parks. This abundant aquatic life is what keeps these many species of waterfowl present on the Thames River throughout the winter months. Without suitable water and adequate food supply, these ducks would continue their migration to the southern United States or the Atlantic coast.

Watermark 1 22 - Healthy Thames River Home To Abundance Of Waterfowl — This Harlequin Duck is listed as endangered in Canada. Maintaining and improving the health of the Thames River is something we need to take seriously in order for such species to survive. This rare Harlequin Duck is one of the many rare species currently overwintering on the Thames River.

Simply put, wildlife does not lie. The increase, abundance, and variety of all wildlife, not just waterfowl, present on the Thames River indicate a healthy and sustainable river. Water from the Thames River eventually reaches Lake Erie, where London draws a portion of its drinking water from. Keeping the river in its natural state will not only protect endangered species, like the Harlequin Duck, but it will also help protect the future of our drinking water. The natural reforestation that is occurring along the river banks improves the urban forest, and our air quality as well.

Perhaps we should take more time to observe the nature around us and use it to measure the health of our environment.

Good birding,
Paul

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Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario

For the second year in a row, the Thames River in London, Ontario has revealed a rare species of waterfowl. Last winter the Thames was briefly visited by two Red-throated Loons, the first two recorded in Middlesex County since 1898.

This winter, another unique visitor has made the Thames River his temporary home. The male Harlequin Duck is easily identified by his slate blue plumage, rusty red sides and white markings. Despite its brilliant colours, from a distance this duck appears quite dark and can be easily overlooked at a quick glance. Once observed, it is difficult to put into words just how beautiful this duck truly is.

Watermark 1 12 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — Male Harlequin Duck setting its wings after preening on the Thames River.

The Harlequin Duck’s breeding range extends from northern Quebec and Labrador to the southern portion of Baffin Island, while typically wintering off the Atlantic coast. According to the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, more than half of the eastern population of Harlequin Ducks winter in coastal Maine. Harlequin Ducks have been reported in previous years overwintering on the Great Lakes, with occasional sightings coming from Toronto, Burlington, and the Hamilton Harbour areas.

Birders from all over Southwestern Ontario are traveling to London in hopes of getting a glimpse of this rare duck. Over the past couple of weeks I have spoken with fellow birders from Stratford, Wallaceburg, Sarnia, and Waterloo.

Watermark 1 9 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — Birders are traveling hundreds of kilometers to London,Ontario in hopes of catching a glimpse of the rare Harlequin Duck.

Since it was first reported two weeks ago, the male Harlequin Duck has been observed daily at Springbank Park in London’s west end. If you are hoping to add this duck to your year or life list, than I recommend parking at Storybook Gardens and walking the section of river between Springbank Dam and the old pump house.

Follow the well packed trail in the snow paralleling the bank. While most areas are covered in knee deep snow, this trail is easy to navigate thanks to the heavy foot traffic of all the birders. Be sure to scan both the near and far banks of the river as this duck moves around frequently, and can be a challenge to locate through the dense brush lining the near bank.

Watermark 1 5 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — Winter provides excellent opportunities to view a wide variety of waterfowl on the Thames River. Here a male Redhead is captured flying downstream.

The Thames River in London, Ontario is a waterfowl enthusiasts dream. If you are reluctant to make the trip to London just to see the Harlequin Duck, there is plenty of other waterfowl to see. A complete list of waterfowl observed on the Thames River so far this winter is as follows:

American Black Duck
Common (pictured here), Red-breasted, and Hooded Mergansers can all be observed on the Thames River.
Bufflehead
Canada Goose
Canvasback
Common Goldeneye
Common Merganser
Greater Scaup
Harlequin Duck
Hooded Merganser
Horned Grebe
Long-tailed Duck
Mallard
Northern Pintail
Red-breasted Merganser
Redhead
Red-necked Grebe

As was the case last winter, the extremely cold temperatures have the Great Lakes freezing over, leaving diving ducks such as the Harlequin Duck migrating to inland rivers in search of open water. Open water is key to the survival of the Harlequin Duck, as they feed on a variety of aquatic life including: molluscs, crustaceans, fish, and other invertebrates. Harlequin Ducks dive below the surface and use their bills to capture prey from beneath rocks and along the river bottom.

Watermark 1 10 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — This male Long-tailed Duck was observed slightly downstream from the location where the Harlequin Duck has been frequenting.

Aside from the open water, there is another reason why I believe we are seeing an increase in waterfowl on the Thames River over the past several seasons. Springbank Dam has been non operational since 2008, drastically improving water quality and returning the river to its natural state. As a result, wildlife is thriving in the area. By not damming the river each spring, willows, alders, poplars, and birch trees are all rejuvenating an enlarged riparian zone, an area that with an operational dam would otherwise be underwater.

This naturally reforested riparian zone provides a buffer between humans and waterfowl, giving them a greater sense of security. Allowing the river to flow freely year round improves water quality by preventing algae and sediment from building up on the river bottom. This lack of sediment permits aquatic life to thrive including the crustaceans and invertebrates that many of these diving ducks, including the Harlequin, feed on. An abundance of food, translates to an abundance of ducks. For more on how the Thames River is benefiting without the dam, read my blog post Thames River Much Healthier Without Springbank Dam.

Watermark 13 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — Horned Grebes are among the waterfowl currently observed on the Thames River at Springbank Park.

When searching for the Harlequin Duck, or other northern waterfowl species on the Thames River, move slowly and quietly up and down the bank. These birds are not as accustomed to humans as the Mallards and Canada Geese are, and can be easily startled. Avoid sudden movements; when searching with binoculars or taking a picture, raise your camera or binoculars slowly to your face. When you do locate the bird and are pointing it out for someone else, raise your arm slowly. Be aware of any noise you may be making, whether crunching snow under your feet or the sound of your clothing brushing against tree branches. These ducks will fly at the slightest movement or unfamiliar sound.

Watermark 1 13 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — Female Common Goldeneye.

Watermark 1 14 - Rare Harlequin Duck Attracts Birders to London, Ontario — The Harlequin Duck on the Thames River has been associating with a small group of Common Goldeneyes. Be sure to look closely at groups of Goldeneyes when searching for the Harlequin Duck.

Remember to be respectful out there, both of the birds and of other birders. I have been really impressed so far with everyone I’ve seen searching the river for this beautiful duck. No one has attempted to get too close, and all of the birders are working together and assisting others who have not yet observed the Harlequin Duck.

If you get the opportunity this weekend, head down to Springbank Park and get a look at this beautiful Harlequin Duck and all of the other wonderful species overwintering on the Thames River.

*Click on the images in this post to view them larger*

Good birding,
Paul

Update February 27, 2015: The Harlequin Duck Continues To Elude Some Area Birders, here are some suggestions on how to best locate this rare duck.

Perfect Time To Observe Bald Eagles In London, Ontario

For those of you that follow me on Facebook and Twitter, you will have seen my frequent posts about Bald Eagle sightings across the city. As mentioned previously, winter is my favourite time of year to view these majestic raptors within the city. During winter months, Bald Eagles will congregate in areas to feed and roost with the Thames River corridor providing a perfect location for both. When the breeding season arrives, Bald Eagles aggressively defend their territories from a variety of wildlife including other eagles. With multiple nest sites along the Thames River eagles can be observed year round, but winter is when the highest concentration of eagles are present.

Watermark - Perfect Time To Observe Bald Eagles In London, Ontario — The solid white head and tail indicate this is a mature bird.

I try to incorporate a walk along the Thames River into my daily routine. I find that combining walking and birding has great health benefits, both physical and mental. I can count on one hand the number of days that I have not made it down to the river this calendar year, and am happy to report at least one eagle sighting from every visit. My favourite stretch of river for viewing eagles is between Sanitorium Road at the west end of Springbank Park and Wharncliffe Road at the east end of Greenway Park.

Bald Eagles can be observed flying up and down the river as well as perched in trees along the river bank. A common roosting location is in the section of tall Poplar trees across from the Greenway Pollution Control Plant. The pathways throughout Springbank and Greenway parks are plowed and salted daily when needed, leaving bare asphalt exposed which makes for easy walking.

2 - Perfect Time To Observe Bald Eagles In London, Ontario — The mottled plumage shown here is indicative of a juvenile Bald Eagle in its 2nd or 3rd year.

There are various year classes of Bald Eagle present along the Thames River this winter. Adult Bald Eagles reach maturity at five years of age, and are easily identified by their solid white heads and tails. Juvenile birds can be trickier to identify as their plumage varies considerably. Many people who I have spoken with along the river often confuse the young eagles for other large raptors, such as Red-tailed Hawks.

6 - Perfect Time To Observe Bald Eagles In London, Ontario — Adult Bald Eagle making its way upstream along the Thames River.

On a recent walk through Springbank Park I observed a total of six Bald Eagles. Now before you go accusing me of counting the same bird repeatedly I can explain my observations. I started out from the parking lot at Storybook Gardens heading upstream. I stopped to observe and photograph a small flock of Common Redpolls feeding on the seed cones of a Speckled Alder tree. As I looked up an adult Bald Eagle passed by overhead. I was able to quickly adjust my camera settings and capture a few images as the bird passed.

Minutes later, I observed another eagle approaching from downstream with the first eagle still visible further up river. I waited patiently for the second eagle, it too an adult, to pass hoping for more photos, but unfortunately it flew behind me. I would have been shooting directly into the sun so I did not attempt any photos, and was content to just watch the second eagle pass by. I continued to photograph the redpolls before turning around and heading downstream.

3 - Perfect Time To Observe Bald Eagles In London, Ontario — The brown streaking around this Bald Eagle’s eye suggests it is a 4th year bird.

Further downstream, just east of the Springbank Dam, I saw an eagle approaching from down river. Thinking at first that one of the previous two adults birds must have circled back down river without me noticing, I raised my camera and starting taking pictures. As the bird passed by overhead, I noticed that its head wasn’t completely white. This particular eagle still had several dark markings around its eye indicating that this bird was not fully mature and likely a fourth year bird.

4444 - Perfect Time To Observe Bald Eagles In London, Ontario — The streaks of brown are still evident on the head and tail of this 4th year Bald Eagle. Also note the few remaining white markings under the bird’s wings.

After completing my walk, I headed back to my truck and proceeded to pack my camera back into its bag. I looked up into the sky and saw another Bald Eagle about to pass over the parking lot. I scrambled to get my camera back out of the bag and began snapping photos. This eagle was mostly dark underneath with some white under its wings and tail, a dark iris, and dark beak indicating a first year bird. As I photographed the eagle, two more juvenile eagles came into view. There were now three juvenile eagles circling overhead. I watched as the three young eagles soared; chasing and diving at one another as if playing. All three of these birds shared the same field markings, leading me to believe they could be siblings that fledged earlier this year from one of the area nest sites.

5 - Perfect Time To Observe Bald Eagles In London, Ontario — This 1st year Bald Eagle displays a mostly dark plumage with white under its wings and tail.

On previous days observing Bald Eagles on this stretch of the Thames River, I have noticed two other juvenile birds. These eagles vary from the other juvenile birds in that their plumage is more mottled, and their irises are transforming from dark to yellow. The field markings of these birds suggest they are in their 2nd or 3rd year.

4 - Perfect Time To Observe Bald Eagles In London, Ontario — 2nd or 3rd year juvenile Bald Eagle perched in a Spruce tree.

From my observations so far this winter, I think it is safe to conclude that at least eight different Bald Eagles are frequenting this section of the Thames River: two adults, two second or third year juveniles, a fourth year bird, and three first year juveniles. Sightings have been reported along other sections of the Thames River, including the south branch through the SOHO neighbourhood as well as along the north branch.

As winter wears on and the breeding season approaches, the young eagles will search for a territory of their own as the mature birds that nest in the area drive them away. Bald Eagles begin nesting early in the year; if you wait too long you will lessen your chances of seeing one of these amazing birds. Their numbers seem to be peaking right now, so if you get the chance in the near future I highly recommend a walk along the banks of the Thames River.

*Click on the images in this post to view them larger*

Good birding,
Paul

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Good Birding Report: London, Ontario
January 12-18 2015

IMG 1152 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 12-18 2015 — Bald Eagles are one of my favourite birds to observe and photograph along the Thames River during winter months.

Great birding opportunities continued across the Forest City this past week with several notable sightings. Winter migrants continue to move into and through our area, providing birders with excellent opportunities to view some beautiful species.

I headed down to Greenway Park, early in the week, after hearing reports of a Greater White-fronted Goose being observed on the Thames River in this location. These geese breed across the Arctic tundra and spend winters in Mexico, Central America, and in the Gulf States of the southern USA. Greater White-fronted Geese are not common east of the Mississippi, making this an excellent find in the city. Unfortunately I was not able to locate the bird, but was treated to several other species.

While scanning the river in an attempt to locate the goose, I observed a single male Northern Pintail swimming on the far side of the river. These dabbling ducks are common, but typically winter in the southern USA or Atlantic Seaboard, but are common in our area this time of year. I was able to snap a few photos, and later submitted my sighting to both the Middlesex/Elgin/Oxford Natural History group as well as eBird.

IMG 0458 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 12-18 2015 — Male Northern Pintail swimming behind a female Mallard.

Redheads were another first of the year species I observed on the river this week. Several of these diving ducks were observed at various locations between Springbank Dam and Greenway Park. Redheads feed on aquatic vegetation, and are drawn to the open water of the Thames River during winter months.

IMG 1308 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 12-18 2015 — Several Redheads, both males (pictured here) and females, were viewed at various locations on the Thames River.

Great views were also available of the regular winter ducks on the Thames. This past week saw the number of Buffleheads, Common Mergansers, Hooded Mergansers, and Common Goldeneyes increase once again. A short walk through either Greenway or Springbank Park will quickly reveal these species. Many of these ducks, including the Buffleheads and Common Goldeneyes, are going through their courtship displays and even mating. Observing these courtship displays is quite entertaining. Male Common Goldeneyes tilt their heads back, splash water in the air with their feet, then extend their necks as they let out their “peent” call. The courtship display of the male Bufflehead is less dramatic, consisting mostly of head bobbing and water splashing, but still fun to observe.

IMG 0927 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 12-18 2015 — Some ducks begin their courtship displays as early as December. Common Goldeneyes were observed courting and breeding this past week.

I’ve mentioned in previous posts that winter is the best time to observe Bald Eagles along the Thames River. This past week did not disappoint, with several adults and juvenile birds observed. In fact, every outing this past week along the river revealed at least one eagle.

IMG 1149 1 - Good Birding Report: London, Ontario <br/> January 12-18 2015 — Bald Eagle approaching from upriver.

Birding along the river is not just about waterfowl and eagles though. Several species of songbird were also observed. Nothing out of the ordinary to report, but quality views of Northern Cardinals, Blue Jays, Woodpeckers, as well as Brown Creepers and Golden-crowned Kinglets were daily occurrences. I also observed several mammal species including: Raccoons, Squirrels, and White-tailed Deer. A complete list of the birds I observed between January 12 and 18, 2015 is included below.

American Black Duck
Mallard
Canada Goose
Redhead
Common Merganser
Hooded Merganser
Common Goldeneye
Bufflehead
Northern Pintail
Bald Eagle
Red-tailed Hawk
Northern Cardinal
American Crow
American Goldfinch
House Finch
Mourning Dove
Rock Pigeon
Blue Jay
Black-capped Chickadee
Dark-eyed Junco
Red-breasted Nuthatch
White-breasted Nuthatch
Downy Woodpecker
Hairy Woodpecker
Red-bellied Woodpecker
Great Blue Heron
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Carolina Wren
Brown Creeper

Several Snowy Owl sightings were reported just south of the city this past week. It seems these birds are returning to the same areas they were found during last year’s irruption. Multiple birders reported seeing Snowy Owls in the vicinity of the city dump on Manning Drive. If you live in the city’s south end, this will be a closer option for viewing these birds, rather than driving out to the Strathroy area. Be sure to check the eBird map for the locations of recent sightings before you head out. Remember, you can view the recent sightings of any species anywhere in the world using the eBird map.

If you have not made it out to observe some of these beautiful winter birds yet, I encourage you to do so. Many of these species will only be around until early March at the latest. Leave it too long and you will have to wait until next year. Don’t let these incredible birding opportunities pass you by.

Good birding,
Paul

Winter Waterfowl Have Returned To The Thames River

Winter is less then a week away and temperatures are not feeling very wintery. However, the Thames River is offering nice views of some winter waterfowl. The Thames River is a popular overwintering area for a wide variety of diving ducks, and many of the regular winter visitors are now present.

15764761679 c84b978d87 o - Winter Waterfowl Have Returned To The Thames River — Common Mergansers are the most abundant of the winter species currently being observed on the Thames River.

Over the past week I have been checking out various sections of the Thames River between Springbank and Harris Parks. This my favourite section of the river for finding winter waterfowl. The most abundant species present throughout this section is the Common Merganser. Several small groups of Hooded Mergansers, were also observed on this section of river. These small ducks, especially the females, are sometimes difficult to spot from a distance. Their dark plumage blends in against the river, so watching for movement or a ripple on the water can be helpful. The males, with their white feathers on the sides of their crests, are much easier to locate. Many times I spot the males first, then notice the females mixed in within the group upon closer inspection. Buffleheads are also present, but not in the the same numbers as the Mergansers yet. Earlier this week I noticed my first pair of Common Goldeneyes of the season on the river.

12178736134 57dff5d189 o1 - Winter Waterfowl Have Returned To The Thames River — Female Hooded Mergansers can be difficult to spot at far distances. Their drab colour tends to blend in with the water.

These, and other ducks, overwinter annually on the Thames river and will be present throughout the winter months. If you wish to view some of these species on the river, but do not want to cover the several kilometer section I mentioned, than I would suggest Greenway Park. I observed the highest concentration of winter waterfowl between the CN overpass and the outflow at Greenway Pollution Control Plant. This narrow section of river provides excellent views, even if you don’t own a pair of binoculars or spotting scope. Make sure to move slowly and quietly along the banks as many of these northern species are not as accustomed to human presence as our resident ducks. The slightest noise or erratic movement will startle these birds, causing them swim to the far side of the river or fly off.

IMG 6099 1 - Winter Waterfowl Have Returned To The Thames River — This past week saw a pair of Common Goldeneyes show up on the Thames River.

As winter sets in and temperatures fall, many of our local water bodies will ice up. As the amount of frozen water increases across the area, so too will the number of ducks on the Thames. Often in January and February the Thames River is the only open water in the area for these diving ducks to feed, making it the perfect place to observe winter waterfowl. If observing winter waterfowl is on your birding wishlist this season, than I highly recommend checking out the Thames River.

Good birding,
Paul